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Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDTs) are crucial for precision displacement sensing due to their high resolution and durability, but face challenges like complex assembly and high manufacturing costs. In this work, a fully printed LVDT position\/force sensor is presented, fabricated using fused filament fabrication (FFF) and 5\u2010axis piezo\u2010jet printing, enabling the integration of complex geometries and conductive coil patterns directly onto curved surfaces. Two core configurations are evaluated: a commercial MnZn core and a magnetic poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composite core printed via FFF. Electromagnetic and magnetic characterizations revealed that the MnZn core provided superior sensitivity of 1054.3 \u00b1 11.32 \u00b5V\u00b7mm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    with respect to the printed core, which exhibited a lower sensitivity of 3.86 \u00b1 0.07 \u00b5V\u00b7mm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    . The sensors' wireless are integrated with a custom signal conditioning circuit based on the AD598 and an ESP32 microcontroller, allowing real\u2010time data transmission via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). The sensor is implemented in a pressure sensing application, showcasing a linear response with a sensitivity of 3.18 \u00b1 0.22 mV\u00b7N\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , offering a highly versatile, scalable, and low\u2010cost solution for next\u2010generation industrial sensing in IoT\u2010enabled environments.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202500981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T07:39:47Z","timestamp":1753169987000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["3D\u2010Printed Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) for Cost\u2010Effective Displacement Sensing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4951-9984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josu Fern\u00e1ndez","family":"Maestu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Materials Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures  UPV\/EHU Science Park Leioa 48940 Spain"},{"name":"Dpt. Electricity &amp; Electronics University of the Basque Country UPV\/EHU  Barrio Sarriena s\/n Leioa 48940 Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1293-0865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelson","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF\u2010UM\u2010UP) and LaPMET \u2010 Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies University of Minho  Braga 4710\u2010057 Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6988-8242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen Rial","family":"Tubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Materials Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures  UPV\/EHU Science Park Leioa 48940 Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6791-7620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Senentxu","family":"Lanceros\u2010M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Materials Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures  UPV\/EHU Science Park Leioa 48940 Spain"},{"name":"Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF\u2010UM\u2010UP) and LaPMET \u2010 Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies University of Minho  Braga 4710\u2010057 Portugal"},{"name":"IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science  Bilbao 48009 Spain"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sintl.2023.100258"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsm.2023.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2870289"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics10232929"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sintl.2021.100110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNS.2019.2901293"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSENS.2023.3306981"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnucene.2023.104788"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNS.2010.2050701"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2017.2719101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2025.117074"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16030386"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmapro.2024.01.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2023.3293962"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2022.109803"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.2c00358"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","volume":"39","author":"Hu Z.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comp. 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