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Engineering an in vitro environment that mimics the functionality and architecture of human physiology is essential toward building better platforms for drug development and personalized medicine. However, the complex nature of these devices requires specialized, time consuming, and expensive fabrication methodologies. Alternatives that reduce design\u2010to\u2010prototype time are needed, in order to fulfill the potential of these devices. Here, a streamlined approach is proposed for the fabrication of organ\u2010on\u2010a\u2010chip devices with incorporated microactuators, by using an adaptation of xurography. This method can generate multilayered, membrane\u2010integrated biochips in a matter of hours, using low\u2010cost benchtop equipment. These devices are capable of withstanding considerable pressure without delamination. Furthermore, this method is suitable for the integration of flexible membranes, required for organ\u2010on\u2010a\u2010chip applications, such as mechanical actuation or the establishment of biological barrier function. The devices are compatible with cell culture applications and present no cytotoxic effects or observable alterations on cellular homeostasis. This fabrication method can rapidly generate organ\u2010on\u2010a\u2010chip prototypes for a fraction of cost and time, in comparison to conventional soft lithography, constituting an interesting alternative to the current fabrication methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202003273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T23:49:11Z","timestamp":1612828151000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["A Fast Alternative to Soft Lithography for the Fabrication of Organ\u2010on\u2010a\u2010Chip Elastomeric\u2010Based Devices and Microactuators"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9712-1460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S \u2013 Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade Universidade do Porto  Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 Porto 4200\u2010135 Portugal"},{"name":"INEB \u2013 Instituto de Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica Universidade do Porto  Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 Porto 4200\u2010135 Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS \u2013 Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar Universidade do Porto  Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228 Porto 4050\u2010313 Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Rothbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopedic Biology Medical University of Vienna  W\u00e4hringer G\u00fcrtel, 18\u201020 Vienna 1090 Austria"},{"name":"Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry Vienna University of Technology (TUW)  Getreidmarkt, 9\/163 Vienna 1060 Austria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5677-3024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o P.","family":"Conde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico Universidade de Lisboa  Av. Rovisco Pais, 1 Lisboa 1049\u2010001 Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores \u2013 Microsistemas e Nanotecnologia (INESC MN)  Rua Alves Redol, 9 Lisboa 1000\u2010029 Portugal"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Ertl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Technical Chemistry Vienna University of Technology (TUW)  Getreidemarkt 9 Vienna 1060 Austria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8340-2264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S \u2013 Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade Universidade do Porto  Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 Porto 4200\u2010135 Portugal"},{"name":"Ipatimup \u2013 Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology Universidade do Porto  Rua J\u00falio Amaral de Carvalho 45 Porto 4200\u2010135 Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine University of Porto  Alameda Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro Porto 4200\u2010319 Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2761-4929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro L.","family":"Granja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S \u2013 Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade Universidade do Porto  Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 Porto 4200\u2010135 Portugal"},{"name":"INEB \u2013 Instituto de Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica Universidade do Porto  Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 Porto 4200\u2010135 Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac020239t"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.200305584"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b909900j"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ib20254b"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.20289"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2013.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1188302"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3lc90115g"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2lc40089h"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2989"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"12","author":"Guenat O. 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