{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T23:24:54Z","timestamp":1773357894448,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,5]],"date-time":"2022-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001381","name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF\u2010CRP17\u20102017\u201008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF\u2010CRP17\u20102017\u201008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall effectiveness of nonlinear optical processes along extended nonlinear media highly depends on the fulfillment of the phase\u2010matching condition for pump and generated fields. This is traditionally accomplished by exploiting the birefringence of nonlinear crystals requiring long interaction lengths (cm\u2010scale). For nonbirefringent media and integrated photonic devices, modal phase matching can compensate the index mismatch. Here, the various interacting waves propagate in transverse modes with appropriate phase velocities, but they suffer from a low refractive index contrast and cm\u2010scale interaction lengths. This work harnesses modal phase matching for third\u2010harmonic generation (THG) in plasmonic waveguides using an organic polymer (poly[3\u2010hexylthiophene\u20102,5\u2010diyl]) as the nonlinear medium. One demonstrates experimentally an effective interaction area as small as \u2248 0.11 \u00b5m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and the phase\u2010matched modal dispersion results in THG efficiency as high as \u2248 10<jats:sup>\u20133<\/jats:sup> W<jats:sup>\u20102<\/jats:sup> within an effective length scale of \u2248 4.3 \u00b5m. THG also shows a strong correlation with the polarization of the incident laser beam, corresponding to the excitation of the antisymmetric plasmonic modes, corroborating that plasmonic modal phase matching is achieved. This large reduction in device area of orders of magnitude is interesting for various applications where space is critical (e.g., device integration or on\u2010chip applications).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202201180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,5]],"date-time":"2022-06-05T21:58:50Z","timestamp":1654466330000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Phase Matching via Plasmonic Modal Dispersion for Third Harmonic Generation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Zhe","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore  3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics National University of Singapore  2 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117542 Singapore"}]},{"given":"Vijith","family":"Kalathingal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore  4 Engineering Drive 3 Singapore 117583 Singapore"}]},{"given":"Yi Wei","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics National University of Singapore  2 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117542 Singapore"}]},{"given":"Thanh Xuan","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Photonics Institute of High Performance Computing A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research)  1 Fusionopolis Way, #16\u201016 Connexis Singapore 138632 Singapore"}]},{"given":"Hong\u2010Son","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Photonics Institute of High Performance Computing A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research)  1 Fusionopolis Way, #16\u201016 Connexis Singapore 138632 Singapore"}]},{"given":"Yongxin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore  4 Engineering Drive 3 Singapore 117583 Singapore"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 C.","family":"Viana\u2010Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics National University of Singapore  2 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117542 Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Physics of University of Minho, and Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF\u2010UM\u2010UP), Campus of Gualtar  Braga 4710\u2010057 Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre National University of Singapore  6 Science Drive 2 Singapore 117546 Singapore"}]},{"given":"Goki","family":"Eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore  3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Physics National University of Singapore  2 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117542 Singapore"},{"name":"Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre National University of Singapore  6 Science Drive 2 Singapore 117546 Singapore"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3435-4600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian A.","family":"Nijhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore  3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore"},{"name":"Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre National University of Singapore  6 Science Drive 2 Singapore 117546 Singapore"},{"name":"Hybrid Materials for Opto\u2010Electronics Group Department of Molecules and Materials MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Center for Brain\u2010Inspired Nano Systems Faculty of Science and Technology University of Twente  AE Enschede 7500 The 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