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This study investigates the influence of a controlled internal atmosphere within glass\u2010glass encapsulated devices on operational stability under illumination. Devices encapsulated under nitrogen (N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and carbon dioxide (CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) were compared with counterparts sealed in ambient air, which had uncontrolled moisture and oxygen levels. The study focused on dual cation (5\u2010AVA)\n                    <jats:sub>0.05<\/jats:sub>\n                    MA\n                    <jats:sub>0.95<\/jats:sub>\n                    PbI\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    perovskite films deposited on mesoporous TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , as well as hole\u2010transport material (HTM)\u2010free PSCs employing carbon electrodes. After more than 2000 h of exposure to 1 sun illumination at 45\u00b0C, films encapsulated in air exhibited significant morphological and compositional degradation. In contrast, devices encapsulated under N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and under CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    environments show markedly reduced degradation. After 1000 h of light exposure, the champion HTM\u2010free PSC sealed in ambient air exhibits a 25% decline in power conversion efficiency (PCE), whereas the devices sealed in CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    display superior stability, with PCE reductions of approximately 12%. This work provides the first experimental demonstration that hermetic laser\u2010assisted glass frit encapsulation in moisture\u2010 and oxygen\u2010free environments effectively mitigates extrinsic degradation. It significantly improves the long\u2010term stability of (5\u2010AVA)\n                    <jats:sub>0.05<\/jats:sub>\n                    MA\n                    <jats:sub>0.95<\/jats:sub>\n                    PbI\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    films and carbon\u2010based HTM\u2010free PSCs under extended light soaking conditions (1 sun).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202506288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T09:27:58Z","timestamp":1770888478000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Light Stability of Laser\u2010Assisted Glass Encapsulated Perovskite Solar Cells under Different Atmospheres"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2013 Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment Biotechnology and Energy ALICE\u2010Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2013 Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment Biotechnology and Energy ALICE\u2010Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"R\u00faben","family":"Madureira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2013 Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment Biotechnology and Energy ALICE\u2010Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Dzmitry","family":"Ivanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2013 Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment Biotechnology and Energy ALICE\u2010Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Seyedali","family":"Emami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2013 Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment Biotechnology and Energy ALICE\u2010Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2472-3265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ad\u00e9lio","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2013 Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment Biotechnology and Energy ALICE\u2010Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"N. 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