{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T01:12:51Z","timestamp":1759972371560,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":39,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Long\u2010COVID is characterized by persistent symptoms post\u2010infection with SARS\u2010CoV\u20102. This condition includes neurological manifestations and has been proposed as a potential risk factor for the development of dementia. Individuals presenting with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease have dysfunctional brain metabolism, including metabolic brain network (MBN) hypoconnectivity. However, whether long\u2010COVID alters brain metabolic architecture remains elusive. Here, we aimed to evaluate the brain metabolic connectivity in a Brazilian cohort of individuals presenting with long\u2010COVID.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>[<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FDG\u2010PET images were acquired from 52 community\u2010dwelling Brazilians above 50 year old. Standardized uptake value ratio (SUVr) parametric maps were processed to a common 8 mm FWHM and generated using the pons as the reference region (Figure 1). We extracted the mean values of regions of interest using the ICBM152 atlas. [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FDG\u2010PET MBNs were constructed using a novel multiple sampling scheme, which assembles a stable group representative MBN based on bootstrap (n = 2000). Adaptive Synthetic Sampling Approach for Imbalance (ADASYN) was used to account for group imbalance and generated the ADA\u2010MBNs. Graph measures, including density, global efficiency, average degree, and assortativity coefficient were computed. Data were corrected for multiple comparisons using the False Discovery Rate (FDR) method (p&lt;0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>41 individuals with long\u2010COVID and 11 healthy controls (HC) were included (Table 1). We observed that long\u2010COVID individuals present PET hyperconnectivity in both MBN and ADA\u2010MBN. (Figure 2a\u2010b). The long\u2010COVID group presented increased density, global efficiency and average degree whereas assortativity coefficient were reduced in both MBN and ADA\u2010MBN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings showed that individuals with long\u2010COVID presented a brain metabolic hyperconnectivity, which is supported by increased density and average degree and may indicate a potential compensatory mechanism within the brain. In addition, the increase in global efficiency indicates that the brain of long\u2010COVID individuals exchanges metabolic information more efficiently, but the decreased assortativity coefficient suggests vertices with different properties connect to each other. Further longitudinal studies should follow these individuals for assessing microstructural and cognitive changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.092419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T06:48:11Z","timestamp":1736405291000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metabolic Hyperconnectivity in Underrepresented Individuals with long\u2010COVID"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Luiza Santos","family":"Machado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maiele Dornelles","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco Ant\u00f4nio","family":"de Bastiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guilherme","family":"Povala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wyllians Vendramini","family":"Borelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memory Center, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joana Emilia","family":"Senger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula Bornes","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Pedro Uglione","family":"da Ros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guilherme Bastos","family":"de Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arthur Viana","family":"Jotz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matheus Fakhri","family":"Kadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guilherme G. Schu","family":"Peixoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graciane","family":"Radaelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Institute, RS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tharick A.","family":"Pascoal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Rosa\u2010Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC Canada"},{"name":"McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina Sebasti\u00e3o","family":"Matushita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Benardi","family":"Soder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, PORTO ALEGRE, RIO GRANDE DO SUL Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Artur Francisco","family":"Schumacher\u2010Schuh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HCPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diogo O.","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mychael V","family":"Lourenco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniele de Paula","family":"de Paula Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Artur Martins","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaderson Costa","family":"da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul \u2010 Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9bora Guerini","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"},{"name":"Brain Institute of Rio Grande Do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo R.","family":"Zimmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"},{"name":"McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada"},{"name":"Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul \u2010 Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alz.092419","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T21:11:30Z","timestamp":1759957890000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/alz.092419"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/alz.092419"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.092419","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5260","1552-5279"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1552-5260"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1552-5279"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e092419"}}