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Both T lymphocytes and macrophages secrete tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1, a cytokine that exerts toxic effects on myelin, Schwann cells, and endothelial cells. The reportedly high serum levels of this cytokine in patients with Guillain\u2010Barr\u00e9 syndrome may reflect the degree of immune activation rather than a direct pathogenic effect. We compared serum levels of tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1, interleukin\u20101\u03b2, and soluble interleukin\u20102 receptor with well\u2010established electrodiagnostic criteria for primary demyelination in 23 patients with Guillain\u2010Barr\u00e9 syndrome, to assess the relationship between these cytokines and peripheral myelin damage. High serum levels of tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 were associated with prolonged distal motor latencies and slowed motor conduction velocities, prolonged or absent F\u2010wave responses, and reduced amplitude of distal compound muscle action potentials. No significant correlation was observed between electrodiagnostic criteria for primary demyelination and serum levels of interleukin\u20101\u03b2 or soluble interleukin\u20102 receptor. These findings suggest a putative role of tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 in the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve demyelination in Guillain\u2010Barr\u00e9 syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410420112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T15:02:27Z","timestamp":1104591747000},"page":"68-73","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Circulating tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 correlates with electrodiagnostic abnormalities in Guillain\u2010Barr\u00e9 syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"M. K.","family":"Sharief","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D. 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