{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T12:12:31Z","timestamp":1788351151166,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is associated with autoantibodies targeting distinct neuronal populations. In AE, antibodies against glutamate decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), expressed in GABAergic interneurons, are frequently detected. In GAD65\u2010AE, hippocampal biopsies often show infiltrates of CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), suggesting a prominent T cell\u2010associated pathology. This has led to the hypothesis that CTLs contribute to neuronal injury in GABAergic circuits. We investigated whether selective CTL\u2010mediated dysfunction of hippocampal interneurons may contribute to temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with hippocampal sclerosis (HS).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We developed a mouse model based on virus\u2010mediated expression of ovalbumin (OVA) selectively in CA1 hippocampal interneurons into transgenic mice harboring OVA\u2010specific CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells. This approach enables interneuron\u2010specific immune targeting within the hippocampus.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Interneuron\u2010specific OVA expression in hippocampal CA1 resulted in rapid CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cell infiltration and targeting of inhibitory neuronal populations, accompanied by acute symptomatic seizures beginning 4 to 6\u2009days after transduction. This acute inflammation\u2010associated phase was followed by a chronic phase characterized by persistent spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS), HS, sustained microglial activation, and astrogliosis. In the chronic stage, reduced Reelin expression coincided with interneuron vulnerability, granule cell dispersion (GCD), and mossy fiber reorganization. Proliferation analyses suggest that GCD results from displacement of pre\u2010existing granule cells rather than aberrant neurogenesis, and is associated with gliosis and reduced Reelin expression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings demonstrate that selective CTL\u2010mediated targeting of hippocampal CA1 interneurons induces seizures and hippocampal remodeling. This model shapes current concepts of epileptogenesis by showing that cell type\u2010specific autoimmune mechanisms recapitulate key features of TLE, including GCD. ANN NEUROL 2026<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.78349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:12:46Z","timestamp":1788347566000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["T Cell\u2010Mediated Targeting of Interneurons in Mice Shapes Hippocampal Remodeling and Epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Galvis\u2010Montes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epileptology University Hospital Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Henning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epileptology University Hospital Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3074-5612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen M. 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