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An optimal noise which can maximize the key rate is demonstrated to exist and, by using numeric simulations, is shown to vary with the transmission distance. Adding the optimal noise can enhance the effectiveness of the thermal states quantum cryptography protocol under noisy and lossy channel in terms of secret key rate, the maximum transmission distance and the tolerable channel noise. Although finite\u2010size effects deteriorate the performance of thermal quantum cryptography, this approach can compensate the impact of this degradation, and even make the performance of the modified protocol in the finite\u2010size regime better than that of the original protocol in the ideal asymptotic\u00a0regime.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/andp.202100268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T07:09:50Z","timestamp":1636355390000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Finite\u2010Size Analysis of Thermal States Quantum Cryptography with the Optimal Noise"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"534","author":[{"given":"Fangli","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Quantum Computing and Computer Theory School of Computer Science and Engineering Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou 510006 China"},{"name":"The Guangdong Key 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