{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T10:33:23Z","timestamp":1760524403833,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Applied Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aluminum structural composites through the infiltration process can be performed by vacuum, centrifugal, or squeeze casting, involving the infiltration of molten Al into fibers, particles, foams, or even porous preforms. This methodology creates hybrid structures of two distinct metal alloys that can be used to locally strengthen components or even to improve the properties of bulk materials, such as ultimate tensile strength and thermal conductivity. New approaches involve the infiltration of liquid Al into a three\u2010dimensional (3D)\u2010printed structure of the more rigid metal, such as steel, that the Al matrix. In the current study, stainless steel and copper inserts were produced by fused filament fabrication techniques with various geometries. Moreover, some 3D inserts were electrochemically coated with pure copper to enhance the wettability of the steel insert by Al. Then, the infiltration of these inserts was evaluated by gravity casting, centrifugal casting, and low\u2010pressure sand casting (LPSC). Evaluations involved microstructural characterization using optical microscopy and SEM for interface analysis. It is revealed that centrifugal casting is highly reliable to infiltrate the inserts with Al, filling detailed cavities in depth. The copper coating aided in the creation of intimate interfaces. The infiltration at the insert's surfaces, curved\u2010like topography, is obtained through LPSC though it is affected by the direction in respect of material flow.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/appl.202200062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T21:11:48Z","timestamp":1662757908000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Infiltration of aluminum in 3D\u2010printed metallic inserts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8110-2572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helder","family":"Nunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing Processes Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (LAETA\/INEGI) Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Omid","family":"Emadinia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing Processes Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (LAETA\/INEGI) Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering University of Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Madureira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing Processes Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (LAETA\/INEGI) Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing Processes Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (LAETA\/INEGI) Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing Processes Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (LAETA\/INEGI) Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Frada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Innovation and Technology N. Mahalingam \u00c1gueda Portugal"}]},{"given":"Vitor","family":"Anjos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Innovation and Technology N. Mahalingam \u00c1gueda Portugal"}]},{"given":"Filomena","family":"Viana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing Processes Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (LAETA\/INEGI) Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering University of Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing Processes Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (LAETA\/INEGI) Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering University of Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing Processes Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (LAETA\/INEGI) Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Porto Porto Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Aluminium Alloys and Composites","year":"2019","author":"Nturanabo F.","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10426914.2017.1328122"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2017.10.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2014.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14644207211054143"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2015.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40962-018-0253-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00576541"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmapro.2021.07.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5034873"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-03578-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15103563"},{"volume-title":"Science, Technology and Applications of Metals in Additive Manufacturing","year":"2019","author":"Dutta B.","key":"e_1_2_8_14_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-62784-3_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13112493"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-818712-8.00007-0"},{"volume-title":"ASM Handbook: Casting","year":"2008","author":"A. I. H.\u00a0Committee","key":"e_1_2_8_18_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2320\/matertrans.M2017075"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1687814020916951"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12666-017-1235-2"}],"container-title":["Applied Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/appl.202200062","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/appl.202200062","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/appl.202200062","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T03:08:17Z","timestamp":1692328097000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/appl.202200062"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/appl.202200062"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/appl.202200062","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2702-4288","2702-4288"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2702-4288"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2702-4288"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-07-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e202200062"}}