{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T02:49:24Z","timestamp":1773110964420,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,28]],"date-time":"2014-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To develop and validate composite disease activity scores, based on widely available clinical measures, that would demonstrate improved correlation with detection of synovitis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and radiographic progression, in comparison with conventional measures, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was conducted as a secondary study of 2 RA clinical trials, GO\u2010BEFORE (development cohort) and GO\u2010FORWARD (validation cohort). Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate independent cross\u2010sectional associations of component variables (from all time points) with concurrent MRI measures of synovitis and bone edema in the development cohort. Based on regression coefficients, modified versions of the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (M\u2010DAS28), Simplified Disease Activity Index (M\u2010SDAI), and Clinical Disease Activity Index (M\u2010CDAI) were generated for each subject in the validation cohort. The M\u2010DAS28, M\u2010SDAI, and M\u2010CDAI scores were compared to conventional scores of disease activity with regard to associations with MRI measures of synovitis and radiographic progression, assessed using Pearson's and Spearman's correlations, linear\/logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four variables were independently associated with MRI\u2010detected synovitis and bone edema in the development cohort: C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), swollen joint count in 28 joints (SJC28), and evaluator's global assessment of disease activity using a visual analog scale (EvGA score). Modified disease activity scores were generated using the regression coefficients obtained in the synovitis models for all subjects in the validation cohort; modified scores were calculated as M\u2010DAS28 = 0.49 \u00d7 ln(CRP) + 0.15 \u00d7 SJC28 + 0.22 \u00d7 EvGA + 1 and M\u2010SDAI = CRP + SJC28 + EvGA. Both modified and conventional disease activity scores correlated significantly with MRI measures of synovitis. Modified scores showed superior correlation with synovitis, as compared to conventional scores, at all time points (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the M\u2010DAS28 and M\u2010SDAI had superior test characteristics for prediction of radiographic progression at 52 weeks (both <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Modified disease activity scores demonstrated superior correlation with MRI detection of synovitis at all time points, and more accurately predicted radiographic progression in patients with RA in a clinical trial setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,10]],"date-time":"2013-12-10T14:47:04Z","timestamp":1386686824000},"page":"794-802","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Development and Validation of Modified Disease Activity Scores in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Superior Correlation With Magnetic Resonance Imaging\u2013Detected Synovitis and Radiographic Progression"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Joshua F.","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania and Philadelphia VA Medical Center Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip G.","family":"Conaghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds, NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josef S.","family":"Smolen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Aletaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justine","family":"Shults","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Emery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds, NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, and Chapel Allerton Hospital Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel G.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Research and Development, LLC Spring House Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikkel","family":"\u00d8stergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glostrup Hospital and University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"579","article-title":"Development of a Disease Activity 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