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The concept of cell cycle checkpoints was originally proposed to account for extrinsic control mechanisms that ensure the order of cell cycle events. Several checkpoints have been shown to regulate major cell cycle transitions, namely at G1\u2010S and G2\u2010M. At the onset of mitosis, the prophase\u2010prometaphase transition is controlled by several potential checkpoints, including the antephase checkpoint, while the spindle assembly checkpoint guards the metaphase\u2010anaphase transition. Our hypothesis is based on the recently uncovered feedback control mechanism that delays chromosome decondensation and nuclear envelope reassembly until effective separation of sister chromatids during anaphase is achieved. A central player in this potential checkpoint is the establishment of a constitutive, midzone\u2010based Aurora B phosphorylation gradient that monitors the position of chromosomes along the spindle axis. We propose that this surveillance mechanism represents an additional step towards ensuring mitotic fidelity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201400140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,4]],"date-time":"2014-12-04T03:46:40Z","timestamp":1417664800000},"page":"257-266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["A chromosome separation checkpoint"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Helder","family":"Maiato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chromosome Instability &amp; Dynamics Laboratory Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Cell Division Unit, Department of Experimental Biology Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chromosome Instability &amp; Dynamics Laboratory Instituto de Biologia 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