{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T19:48:35Z","timestamp":1762112915427,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,19]],"date-time":"2004-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1077148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4219,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biotech &amp; Bioengineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A fluidized\u2010bed biofilm reactor using activated carbon particles of 1.69 mm diameter as the support for biomass growth and molasses as the carbon source is used for wastewater denitrification.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The start\u2010up of the reactor was successfully achieved in 1 week by using a liquor from garden soil leaching as the inoculum and a superficial velocity <jats:italic>u<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> = 5<jats:italic>u<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>mf<\/jats:sub>. Typical biofilm thickness is 800 \u03bcm; therefore covered activated carbon particles have 3.3 mm in diameter.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Reactor hydrodynamics was studied by tracer (KCl solution) experiments. The analysis based on residence time distribution theory involved a model with axial dispersion flow and tracer diffusion with linear adsorption inside the biofilm. Peclet numbers higher than 100 were found, allowing the plug flow assumption for the reactor model.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Experimental profiles of nitrate and nitrite species were explained by a kinetic model of two consecutive zero\u2010order reactions coupled with substrate diffusion inside the biofilm. Under the operating conditons used thick biofilms were obtained working in a diffusion\u2010controlled regime.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Comparison is made with results obtained in the same reactor with sand particles as the support for biomass growth. Activated carbon as the support has the following advantages: good adsorptive characteristics, homogeneous biofilm thickness along the reactor, and easy restart\u2010up of the reactor. \u00a9 1992 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.260400510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,30]],"date-time":"2004-12-30T11:02:05Z","timestamp":1104404525000},"page":"625-633","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Biofilm reactors: An experimental and modeling study of wastewater denitrification in fluidized\u2010bed reactors of activated carbon particles"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Isabel","family":"Coelhoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Boaventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Al\u00edrio","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.260350707"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9467(85)80009-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2509(88)80015-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/btpr.5420030202"},{"volume-title":"Biofilms","year":"1990","author":"Characklis W.","key":"e_1_2_1_6_2"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"1670","article-title":"Nitrate removal from water supplies using biological denitrification","volume":"60","author":"Dahab M.","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Water Pollut. Contr. Fed."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.260320206"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.260281115"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.260350309"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"425","article-title":"An aerobic fluidized bed reactor for wastewater treatment","volume":"64","author":"Forster C.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Res. Des."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","unstructured":"Hagan D.1990. Electrical measurement of bacterial growth. Pro. Biotechnol. February iv\u2010v Supplement to Proc. Biochem."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9467(87)80051-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9467(89)80029-2"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","first-page":"807","article-title":"Biological fixed\u2010film systems","volume":"61","author":"Kinner N.","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Water Pollut. Contr. Fed."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.690351209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","unstructured":"Mulcahy L. La Motta E.1978. Mathematical model of the fludized bed biofilm reactor Report E\u201059\u201378\u20102. Department of Civil Engineering University of Massachussets."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.260261208"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1128\/br.37.4.409-452.1973","article-title":"Reduction of nitrogenous oxides by microorganisms","volume":"37","author":"Payne W.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Bacterial. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.260281120"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9467(83)80068-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.260320513"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cjce.5450670203"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.260350508"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0922-338X(90)90196-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.260300104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","first-page":"100","article-title":"Mechanics of fluidization","volume":"62","author":"Wen C. Y.","year":"1966","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Prog. Symp. Ser."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.260300311"}],"container-title":["Biotechnology and Bioengineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbit.260400510","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bit.260400510","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T20:26:52Z","timestamp":1760041612000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bit.260400510"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,8]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bit.260400510"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bit.260400510","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3592","1097-0290"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0006-3592"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-0290"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,8]]}}}