{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T04:48:14Z","timestamp":1764046094739},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,2,1]],"date-time":"1990-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":633830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The sartorius muscle was transposed into the abdominal cavity of six dogs, passed around a Thiry\u2013Vella loop and sutured to itself to form a neosphincter. The muscle was activated by electrical stimulation and on contraction the neosphincter stopped or reduced the flow of saline through the Thiry\u2013Vella loop in all animals until the onset of muscle fatigue. Continuous low frequency stimulation was used to transform the skeletal muscle, and when studied after a mean of 8 weeks of stimulation (range 6\u201311 weeks) the neosphincter stopped the flow for a significantly longer period of time (P = 0\u00b7027). Associated with the improved neosphincter function was a significant decrease in the fusion frequency (P = 0\u00b7003) and prolongation of the stimulus\u2013peak tension time as assessed by a strain gauge sutured to the neosphincter muscle (P = 0\u00b7002). The changes in the contraction properties of the skeletal muscle suggest that continuous low frequency stimulation transformed the muscle fibres from type 2 to type 1, resulting in improved fatigue resistance and potential for continuous sphincter activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800770226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T13:47:10Z","timestamp":1172929630000},"page":"208-213","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Electrically stimulated sartorius neosphincter: Canine model of activation and skeletal muscle transformation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"R I","family":"Hallan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Unit, The London Hospital , Whitechapel, London E1 1BB,","place":["UK"]}]},{"given":"N S","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Unit, The London Hospital , Whitechapel, London E1 1BB,","place":["UK"]}]},{"given":"M R E","family":"Hutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Unit, The London Hospital , Whitechapel, London E1 1BB,","place":["UK"]}]},{"given":"M","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Unit, The London Hospital , Whitechapel, London E1 1BB,","place":["UK"]}]},{"given":"M A","family":"Pilot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Unit, The London Hospital , Whitechapel, London E1 1BB,","place":["UK"]}]},{"given":"M","family":"Swash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The London Hospital , Whitechapel, London E1 1BB,","place":["UK"]}]},{"given":"T H","family":"Koeze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgical Unit, The London Hospital , Whitechapel, London E1 1BB,","place":["UK"]}]},{"given":"E S","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgical Unit, The London Hospital , Whitechapel, London E1 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