{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T16:52:29Z","timestamp":1774975949384,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,12,1]],"date-time":"1990-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":660009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We have studied the pelvic floor musculature and its innervation in 14 of 24 (58 per cent) multiparous women who had been recruited into a study of the effect of childbirth on the pelvic floor as part of a prospective investigation that began in 1983. These 24 women had all delivered by the vaginal route without forceps assistance. Five of the 14 had developed clinical symptoms of stress incontinence 5 years later; two of them had had a further uncomplicated vaginal delivery during this time. There was manometric and neurophysiological evidence of weakness because of partial denervation of the pelvic floor striated sphincter musculature, with pudendal neuropathy, which was more marked in those women with incontinence. These findings provide direct evidence for the hypothesis that pudendal neuropathy due to vaginal delivery persists and may worsen with time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800771213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T13:52:09Z","timestamp":1172929929000},"page":"1358-1360","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":485,"title":["Effect of vaginal delivery on the pelvic floor: A 5-year follow-up"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"S J","family":"Snooks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Alan Parks Anorectal Physiology Laboratory, St. Mark's Hospital , London,","place":["UK"]}]},{"given":"M","family":"Swash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Alan Parks Anorectal Physiology Laboratory, St. Mark's Hospital , London,","place":["UK"]}]},{"given":"S E","family":"Mathers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Alan Parks Anorectal Physiology Laboratory, St. Mark's Hospital , London,","place":["UK"]}]},{"given":"M M","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Alan Parks Anorectal Physiology Laboratory, St. Mark's Hospital , London,","place":["UK"]}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092807571794300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)90766-9","article-title":"Injury to innervation of pelvic floor sphincter musculature","volume":"ii","author":"Snooks","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024092807571794300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01648831","article-title":"Risk factors in childbirth causing damage to the pelvic floor innervation: a precursor of stress incontinence","volume":"1","author":"Snooks","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int J Color Dis"},{"key":"2024092807571794300_bib3","first-page":"656","article-title":"Sphincter denervation in anorectal incontinence and rectal prolapse","volume":"18","author":"Parks","year":"1977","journal-title":"GUI"},{"key":"2024092807571794300_bib4","first-page":"355","article-title":"Investigation of disorders of the anorectum and colon","volume":"67","author":"Henry","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg EngI"},{"key":"2024092807571794300_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800680804","article-title":"Physiological studies of the pelvic floor musculature in idiopathic faecal incontinence and rectal prolapse","volume":"58","author":"Neill","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092807571794300_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800690813","article-title":"The pelvic floor musculature in the descending perineum syndrome","volume":"69","author":"Henry","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092807571794300_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.43.4.343","article-title":"Increased motor unit fibre density in the external anal sphincter muscle in anorectal incontinence; a single fibre EMG study","volume":"43","author":"Neill","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Neural Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024092807571794300_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800710817","article-title":"Slowed conduction in the pudendal nerves in idiopathic (neurogenic) faecal incontinence","volume":"71","author":"Kiff","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092807571794300_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800760628","article-title":"Anorectal physiology validated","volume":"76","author":"Roger","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Surq"},{"key":"2024092807571794300_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.47.12.1269","article-title":"Damage to the innervation of the voluntary anal and periurethral sphincter musculature inincontinence","volume":"47","author":"Snooks","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Neural Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024092807571794300_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1177\/014107688507801105","article-title":"A unifying concept of pelvic floor disorders and incontinence","volume":"78","author":"Swash","year":"1985","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"2024092807571794300_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1985.tb06302.x","article-title":"Perineal nerve damage in genuine stress urinary incontinence","volume":"57","author":"Snooks","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"2024092807571794300_bib13","volume-title":"Neurobiology of Incontinence. CIBA Foundation Symposium 165","author":"Swash","year":"1990"},{"key":"2024092807571794300_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01648359","article-title":"Asymmetrical pudendal nerve damage in pelvic floor disorders","volume":"3","author":"Lubowski","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int J Color Dis"},{"key":"2024092807571794300_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(83)90084-9","article-title":"The overlapping innervation of the two sides of the external anal sphincter by the pudendal nerves","volume":"59","author":"Wunderlich","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Neural Sci"},{"key":"2024092807571794300_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02562120","article-title":"Effects of ageing on the anorectal sphincters and their innervation","volume":"32","author":"Laurberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2024092807571794300_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.30.9.1244","article-title":"Anal function in geriatric patients with faecal incontinence","volume":"30","author":"Barrett","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gut"}],"container-title":["Journal of British Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbjs.1800771213","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/77\/12\/1358\/59389886\/bjs1800771213.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/77\/12\/1358\/59389886\/bjs1800771213.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]],"date-time":"2024-09-28T07:57:27Z","timestamp":1727510247000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article\/77\/12\/1358\/6171743"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,12,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.1800771213","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1323","1365-2168"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1323","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2168","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1990,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,12,1]]}}}