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Furthermore, the major applications of DMC are described: solvent, fuels additive, and building block for organic synthesis. The major drawbacks of the direct synthesis of DMC are the low yield and reaction rate, mostly induced by the highly stable carbon dioxide molecules. The development of novel catalyst and strategies to enhance the DMC yield \u2013 such as dehydrating agents that remove the water from the reacting mixture \u2013 are pointed out as the key solution for this route. Therefore, the main catalysts (homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts) used so far are presented, together with the respective operating conditions and catalyst performance. 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