{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T11:08:45Z","timestamp":1761217725088,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,29]],"date-time":"2014-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemBioChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Thermomonas hydrothermalis<\/jats:italic> is a Gram\u2010negative thermophilic bacterium that is able to live at 50\u2009\u00b0C. This ability is attributed to chemical modifications, involving those to bacterial cell\u2010wall components, such as proteins and (glyco)lipids. As the main component of the outer membrane of Gram\u2010negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are exposed to the environment, thus they can undergo structural chemical changes to allow thermophilic bacteria to live at their optimal growth temperature. Furthermore, as one of the major target of the eukaryotic innate immune system, LPS elicits host immune response in a structure\u2010dependent mode; thus the uncommon chemical features of thermophilic bacterial LPSs might exert a different biological action on the innate immune system\u2014an antagonistic effect, as shown in studies of LPS structure\u2013activity relationship in the ongoing research into antagonist LPS candidates. Here, we report the complete structural and biological activity analysis of the lipo\u2010oligosaccharide isolated from <jats:italic>Thermomonas hydrothermalis<\/jats:italic>, achieved by a multidisciplinary approach (chemical analysis, NMR, MALDI MS and cellular immunology). We demonstrate a tricky and interesting structure combined with a very interesting effect on human innate immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.201402233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,29]],"date-time":"2014-08-29T07:31:39Z","timestamp":1409297499000},"page":"2146-2155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Thermophiles as Potential Source of Novel Endotoxin Antagonists: the Full Structure and Bioactivity of theLipo\u2010oligosaccharide from <i>Thermomonas hydrothermalis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Flaviana","family":"Di Lorenzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Paciello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luigi Lembo","family":"Fazio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luciana","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Sturiale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Milton S.","family":"da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Lanzetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michelangelo","family":"Parrilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Garozzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Lina","family":"Bernardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dott. 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