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The ionic gelation of chitosan leads to a supporting matrix to promote the embedding of manganese(II) ferrite and Ru nanoparticles (NPs) by electrostatic interactions. The effects of the formulation and method parameters on the fabrication process were investigated, and the resulting as\u2010prepared Mn@CS@Ru nanocatalyst was characterized. The catalytic activity of the Mn@CS@Ru nanomaterial was evaluated in the reduction of 4\u2010nitrophenol (4\u2010NP) and 4\u2010nitroaniline (4\u2010NA) in the presence of sodium borohydride as a reducing agent at room temperature. The turnover frequency values in the reduction of 4\u2010NP and 4\u2010NA were 273.9 and 336.5\u2005min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, respectively, which were attributed to the very small size of the hybrid nanomaterial (32.0\u00b12.8\u2005nm with 3.9\u00b10.1\u2005nm Ru NPs) that provided a large surface\u2010area\u2010to\u2010volume ratio for the chemical reaction. Furthermore, the hybrid nanocatalyst was recovered easily by magnetic separation after the catalytic reaction and could be reused in at least 10 cycles without a loss of catalytic activity, which confirms its high stability. The present route is a new approach to synthesize highly active magnetic heterogeneous catalysts for the reduction of nitroarenes based on metallic NPs with easy accessibility, excellent activity, and convenient recovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.201700649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,7]],"date-time":"2017-06-07T14:22:46Z","timestamp":1496845366000},"page":"3930-3941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Highly Active Ruthenium Supported on Magnetically Recyclable Chitosan\u2010Based Nanocatalyst for Nitroarenes Reduction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2444-3677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kin Hong","family":"Liew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences University of Porto  4169-007 Porto Portugal"},{"name":"School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia  43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3451-0327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences University of Porto  4169-007 Porto Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9224-1917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences University of Porto  4169-007 Porto Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6439-7946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana L.","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFIMUP-IN, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences University of Porto  4169-007 Porto Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8587-262X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 M.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFIMUP-IN, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences University of Porto  4169-007 Porto Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3632-0650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd Ambar","family":"Yarmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia  43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8253-6049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joon Ching","family":"Juan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology &amp; Catalysis Research Centre, NANOCAT University of Malaya  50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8843-8677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahimi M.","family":"Yusop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia  43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1176-9064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia F.","family":"Peixoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences University of Porto  4169-007 Porto Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1753-8678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Freire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences University of Porto  4169-007 Porto Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TA04919E"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ie100420q"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/am503913y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2nr31713c"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","first-page":"2347","volume":"23","author":"Lee J. 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