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In this work, the effect of carbon surface chemistry on the catalyst conversion and selectivity in hydrolysis of cellobiose to glucose was studied. Solid catalysts based on carbon xerogels (CXs) containing various functionalities incorporating heteroatoms (S, P, N, O), as confirmed by XPS, TPD, ICP and EA analyses, were successfully prepared. CXs containing 3.4\u2005wt\u2009% of phosphorus showed the best catalytic performance, reaching 90\u2009% conversion of cellobiose with 72\u2009% selectivity to glucose, under oxidative atmosphere and in a short reaction time of only 4\u2005h. The presence of phosphonates (\u2212P\u2212C\u2212) was found to increase the selectivity to glucose up to unprecedented 87\u2009%. On the contrary, carbonyls, quinones, pyrydinic, pyrrolic and sulfonic groups were found to promote glucose degradation, leading to a final low yield of this product. Additionally, the increased concentration of oxygen in the reaction atmosphere was shown to significantly weaken the \u03b2 (1\u20134)\u2010glycosidic bond, increasing the final yield of glucose.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.201800649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,19]],"date-time":"2018-06-19T09:12:42Z","timestamp":1529399562000},"page":"4934-4946","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Cutting the Green Waste. Structure\u2010Performance Relationship in Functionalized Carbon Xerogels for Hydrolysis of Cellobiose"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0907-3340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna Morawa","family":"Eblagon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM Department of Chemical Engineering University of Porto  Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s\/n 4200-465 Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Malaika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM Department of Chemical Engineering University of Porto  Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s\/n 4200-465 Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in Pozna\u0144  Umultowska 89b 61-614 Pozna\u0144"}]},{"given":"Manuel Fernando R.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM Department of Chemical Engineering University of Porto  Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s\/n 4200-465 Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Lu\u00eds","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM Department of Chemical Engineering University of Porto  Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s\/n 4200-465 Porto Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00311"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.201000302"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201301366"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b902668a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr050989d"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095-4956(13)60035-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2015.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C3GC41324A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"1649","volume":"11","author":"Verendel J. 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