{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T15:03:31Z","timestamp":1773932611828,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009812","name":"Princess Margaret Cancer Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009812","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000196","name":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemistryEurope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Naphthalocyanines are emerging as highly promising photosensitizers, owing to their intensive absorption (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b5<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; 1\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>5\u2009<\/jats:sup>\n                    M\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121\u2009<\/jats:sup>\n                    cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) beyond 800\u2009nm, but their poor solubility in biological media has significantly limited their clinical translation. In this study, the synthesis and detailed photophysical characterization of silicon naphthalocyanines (SiNcs) functionalized with structurally diverse axial ligands designed to enhance solubility and evaluate photophysical properties for theranostic applications are reported. Through an efficient synthetic approach, a library of SiNc derivatives are generated and systematically evaluated for their Q\u2010band absorption shift, absolute fluorescence quantum yields, lifetime, radiative decay rate, and singlet oxygen generation. The lead compound, SiNc\n                    <jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold>\n                    , is encapsulated in poly(ethylene glycol)\u2010b\u2010poly(\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b5<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010caprolactone) (PEG\u2010PCL) micelles to improve biocompatibility and in vivo delivery. Axial ligand modifications are found to influence aggregation behavior within the nanoformulation, enabling SiNc\n                    <jats:bold>3\u2010PP<\/jats:bold>\n                    to retain a strong and sharp absorption peak at 810\u2009nm and exhibit high photothermal conversion efficiency (62.1%). SiNc\n                    <jats:bold>3\u2010PP<\/jats:bold>\n                    demonstrates strong photoacoustic imaging contrast at 810\u2009nm, and upon near\u2010infrared irradiation in tumor\u2010bearing mice, induced rapid tumor heating up to 54\u2009\u00b0C within 5\u2009min, resulting in significant tumor growth inhibition. These findings underscore the pivotal role of axial ligand engineering in tuning SiNc behavior and highlight their potential as theranostic agents integrating photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ceur.202500249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T06:02:58Z","timestamp":1759212178000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synthesis and Photophysical Characterization of Axially Functionalized Silicon(IV) Naphthalocyanines with Phototheranostic Potential"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Pedro M. R.","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network  Toronto ON M5G 1L7 Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto  Toronto ON M5G 1L7 Canada"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico Universidade de Lisboa  Av. Rovisco Pais, N\u00ba 1 1049\u201000 Lisboa Portugal"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Proto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network  Toronto ON M5G 1L7 Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto  Toronto ON M5G 1L7 Canada"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering \u00c9cole Sup\u00e9rieure de Chimie, Physique, \u00c9lectronique de Lyon  3 Rue Victor Grignard 69100 Lyon France"}]},{"given":"Debalina","family":"Mondal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Queen's University  Kingston ON K7L 2S8 Canada"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Voge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network  Toronto ON M5G 1L7 Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto  Toronto ON M5G 1L7 Canada"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering \u00c9cole Sup\u00e9rieure de Chimie, Physique, \u00c9lectronique de Lyon  3 Rue Victor Grignard 69100 Lyon France"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Hoskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Queen's University  Kingston ON K7L 2S8 Canada"}]},{"given":"Hanyi","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network  Toronto ON M5G 1L7 Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto  Toronto ON M5G 1L7 Canada"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas R. M.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico Universidade de Lisboa  Av. Rovisco Pais, N\u00ba 1 1049\u201000 Lisboa Portugal"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Stamplecoskie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Queen's University  Kingston ON K7L 2S8 Canada"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o P. C.","family":"Tom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico Universidade de Lisboa  Av. Rovisco Pais, N\u00ba 1 1049\u201000 Lisboa Portugal"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network  Toronto ON M5G 1L7 Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2442-5532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nahyun","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network  Toronto ON M5G 1L7 Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0705-7398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network  Toronto ON M5G 1L7 Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto  Toronto ON M5G 1L7 Canada"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/B915149B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15092257"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00244"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c00891"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.19.5.056004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochemrev.2011.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C2CS35216H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11083626"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CS00271D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09205063.2021.1954138"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-007-0470-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym10090961"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CS00129H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CS00554G"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202100189"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/crat.200310030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13534-018-0059-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1420"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052605"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2013.04.093"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032241"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inoche.2023.111139"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-12374-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"767","volume":"2","author":"Song L.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. 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