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The simpler V complexes [VO(CF<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>SO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>], [VO(acac)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>] and VOSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> are less active. The effects of various factors, namely, C<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>H<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub> and CO pressures, time, temperature, and amounts of catalyst, TFA and K<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>8<\/jats:sub>, have been investigated, and this allowed optimisation of the process and control of selectivity. <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C\u2010labelling experiments indicated that the formation of acetic acid follows two pathways, the dominant one via oxidation of ethane with preservation of the C\uf8ffC bond, and the other via rupture of this bond and carbonylation of the methyl group by CO; the C\uf8ffC bond is retained in the formation of propionic acid upon carbonylation of ethane. The reactions proceed via both C\u2010 and O\u2010centred radicals, as shown by experiments with radical traps. On the basis of detailed DFT calculations, plausible reaction mechanisms are discussed. The carboxylation of ethane in the presence of CO follows the sequential formation of C<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>H<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>.<\/jats:sup>, C<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>H<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>CO<jats:sup>.<\/jats:sup>, C<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>H<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>COO<jats:sup>.<\/jats:sup> and C<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>H<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>COOH. The C<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>H<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>COO<jats:sup>.<\/jats:sup> radical is easily formed on reaction of C<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>H<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>CO<jats:sup>.<\/jats:sup> with a peroxo V catalyst via a V{\u03b7<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\u2010OOC(O)C<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>H<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>} intermediate. In the absence of CO, carboxylation proceeds by reaction of C<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>H<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>.<\/jats:sup> with TFA. For the oxidation of ethane to acetic acid, either with preservation or cleavage of the C\uf8ffC bond, metal\u2010assisted and purely organic pathways are also proposed and discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.200700980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,3]],"date-time":"2007-12-03T10:19:32Z","timestamp":1196677172000},"page":"1828-1842","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Amavadin and Other Vanadium Complexes as Remarkably Efficient Catalysts for One\u2010Pot Conversion of Ethane to Propionic and Acetic Acids"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Marina\u2005V.","family":"Kirillova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maxim\u2005L.","family":"Kuznetsov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9\u2005A.\u2005L.","family":"da\u2005Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria\u2005F\u00e1tima\u2005C.","family":"Guedes\u2005da\u2005Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o\u2005J.\u2005R.","family":"Fra\u00fasto\u2005da\u2005Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Armando\u2005J.\u2005L.","family":"Pombeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","volume-title":"Catalytic Activation and Functionalization of Light Alkanes, Vol. 44","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","volume-title":"Activation and Functionalization of Alkanes","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","volume-title":"Methane Conversion by Oxidative Process","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcata.2004.05.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr00036a005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr00039a604"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ar000209h"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr9411886"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","volume-title":"The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals","author":"Crabtree R. 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