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In this study, amine\u2010terminated generation\u20052 PAMAM dendrimers were employed as stabilizers to form Au DSNPs without additional reducing agents. The formed Au DSNPs with an Au core size of 5.5\u2005nm were covalently modified with the targeting ligand FA, followed by acetylation of the remaining dendrimer terminal amines to endow the particles with targeting specificity and improved biocompatibility. Our characterization data show that the formed FA\u2010modified Au DSNPs are stable at different pH values (5\u20148) and temperatures (4\u201350\u2009\u00b0C), as well as in different aqueous media. MTT assay data along with cell morphology observations reveal that the FA\u2010modified Au DSNPs are noncytotoxic in the particle concentration range of 0\u20133000\u2005n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>. X\u2010ray attenuation coefficient measurements show that the CT value of FA\u2010modified Au DSNPs is much higher than that of Omnipaque (a clinically used CT contrast agent) at the same concentration of the radiodense elements (Au or iodine). Importantly, the FA\u2010modified Au DSNPs are able to specifically target a model cancer cell line (KB cells, a human epithelial carcinoma cell line) over\u2010expressing FA receptors and they enable targeted CT imaging of the cancer cells in vitro and the xenografted tumor model in vivo after intravenous administration of the particles. With the simple synthesis approach, easy modification, good cytocompatibility, and high X\u2010ray attenuation coefficient, the FA\u2010modified low\u2010generation Au DSNPs could be used as promising contrast agents for targeted CT imaging of different tumors over\u2010expressing FA receptors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201204612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,15]],"date-time":"2013-03-15T17:21:43Z","timestamp":1363368103000},"page":"6409-6416","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Targeted Tumor Computed Tomography Imaging Using Low\u2010Generation Dendrimer\u2010Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yanhong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shihui","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Linfeng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mingwu","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jinglong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Guixiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xiangyang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.200904958"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200904958"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1571"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.201106686"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.06.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.04.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bc060019c"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c0jm04094k"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl020246x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201103289"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja200120k"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-010-0299-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0b013e31811ecdcd"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2nr31687k"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.10.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl8029114"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.200902344"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","first-page":"2859","volume":"6","author":"Reuveni T.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. 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