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In the case of high aspect\u2010ratio nanoparticles (bilayered ribbons and monolayered nanotubes), shear hydrodynamic forces may modify their shape and size, as observed by peak force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy of frozen solutions, small\u2010angle X\u2010ray scattering measurements in a disk\u2010plate rotational cell, and cone\u2013plate rotational viscometry. These nanoparticles either show elastic or plastic behaviour: there is plasticity in the ribbons obtained upon nanotube collapse on solid\/air interfaces and in viscous concentrated nanotube solutions, whereas elasticity occurs in the case of dilute nanotube solutions. Sonication and strong shear hydrodynamic forces lead to the breaking of the monolayered nanotubes into small particles, which then associate into large colloidal particles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201600874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,30]],"date-time":"2016-05-30T03:53:14Z","timestamp":1464580394000},"page":"9740-9749","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Effect of Hydrodynamic Forces on <i>meso<\/i>\u2010(4\u2010Sulfonatophenyl)\u2010Substituted Porphyrin J\u2010Aggregate Nanoparticles: Elasticity, Plasticity and Breaking"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Zoubir","family":"El\u2010Hachemi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic Chemistry Institute of Cosmos Science (IEEC-UB) University of Barcelona (UB)  c. Mart\u00ed I Franqu\u00e8s 1 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia Spain"}]},{"given":"Teodor Silviu","family":"Balaban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, CNRS UMR 7313 iSm2, Chirosciences  Marseille France"}]},{"given":"J. Lourdes","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC)  Av. Diagonal 647 Barcelona Catalonia 08028 Spain"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Cespedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic Chemistry Institute of Cosmos Science (IEEC-UB) University of Barcelona (UB)  c. Mart\u00ed I Franqu\u00e8s 1 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia Spain"}]},{"given":"Joaquim","family":"Crusats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic Chemistry Institute of Cosmos Science (IEEC-UB) University of Barcelona (UB)  c. Mart\u00ed I Franqu\u00e8s 1 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia Spain"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Escudero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ALBA Synchrotron Light Source  Carrer de la Llum 2-26 08290 Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s Catalonia Spain"}]},{"given":"Christina S.","family":"Kamma\u2010Lorger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ALBA Synchrotron Light Source  Carrer de la Llum 2-26 08290 Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s Catalonia Spain"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Llorens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering University of Barcelona  c. Mart\u00ed I Franqu\u00e8s 1 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia Spain"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Malfois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ALBA Synchrotron Light Source  Carrer de la Llum 2-26 08290 Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s Catalonia Spain"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey R.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development Polytechnic Institute of Leiria  Rua de Portugal 2430-028 Marinha Grande Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana P.","family":"Tojeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development Polytechnic Institute of Leiria  Rua de Portugal 2430-028 Marinha Grande Portugal"}]},{"given":"Josep M.","family":"Rib\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic Chemistry Institute of Cosmos Science (IEEC-UB) University of Barcelona (UB)  c. 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methods in solution are not routine measurements for these J aggregates because of strong resonant scattering at the wavelength of the instrument laser beam wavelength (Q-band region of the J aggregates). Furthermore the particles in solution show a weak adsorption on the substrate surface so they are easily displaced by the scanning tip. Scattering can be avoided by using very dilute solutions which correspond to monomer concentrations below the critical concentration. However as we report herein (Figure\u20051) after several dilutions of the first deposited drop with acid\u2014avoiding drying of the drop\u2014the very large particles do not disaggregate or their disaggregation is slow enough to allow imaging of some of the large nanoparticles."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-4931(00)00147-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_1","unstructured":"These J aggregates are lyotropic liquid crystals; therefore the total loss of the hydrated water layers leads to the disaggregation of the particles. However such drastic drying is only obtained by exhaustive dehydration for example by lyophilisation (see ref.\u2005[4q])."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_1","unstructured":"Such as that evidenced by the XRD data in ref.\u2005[11] which can only originate from multilayered fibril-like crystallites."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphc.201300606"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1246\/bcsj.20140117"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp808235c"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(03)74561-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bm201078d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889892001663"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_78_1","unstructured":"In the planar sheet the distances between one S atom and its six neighbouring S atoms are two at 1.08\u2005nm two at 1.18\u2005nm and two at 0.84 giving an average of 1.03\u2005nm. Upon rolling of the sheet to form the nanotube a change in geometry is expected between neighbouring S atoms leading to higher distances at the external surface and to shorter distances at the internal one. The intensity peak at 1.2\u2005nm could be the average peak of all of these distances at the internal and external surface. As shown in the Supporting Information the measurements do not allow us to distinguish between an axial alignment of the J-excitonic band along the nanotube circumference (Figure\u20055) or along the nanotube axis."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026782997208046"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_80_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(98)77916-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2614(03)00866-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_83_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4020(03)00541-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S1088424615500625"}],"container-title":["Chemistry \u2013 A European Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fchem.201600874","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/chem.201600874","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T11:59:04Z","timestamp":1760270344000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/chem.201600874"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,30]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"28","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/chem.201600874"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/chem.201600874","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0947-6539","1521-3765"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0947-6539","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-3765","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,30]]}}}