{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T13:00:09Z","timestamp":1792674009060,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,10]],"date-time":"2006-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1804,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Children &amp;amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child has raised the profile of children's participation in the United Kingdom. Hart's \u2018ladder of participation\u2019 has been the most influential model in this field. This paper offers an alternative model, based on five levels of participation: 1. Children are listened to. 2. Children are supported in expressing their views. 3. Children's views are taken into account. 4. Children are involved in decision\u2010making processes. 5. Children share power and responsibility for decision\u2010making. In addition, three stages of commitment are identified at each level: \u2018openings\u2019, \u2018opportunities\u2019 and \u2018obligations\u2019. The model thus provides a logical sequence of 15 questions as a tool for planning for participation. Copyright \u00a9 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/chi.617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,10]],"date-time":"2002-09-10T16:16:38Z","timestamp":1031674598000},"page":"107-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":920,"title":["Pathways to participation: openings, opportunities and obligations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Harry","family":"Shier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Changing Places: Children's Participation in Environmental Planning","author":"Adams E","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01944366908977225"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"BallS.1998.Including children's voices is only the beginning.Paper presented at the European Network for School\u2010Age Childcare (ENSAC) 9th International Conference Edinburgh."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Monitoring Children's Rights","author":"Barn G","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"The Convention on the Rights of the Child","author":"Committee on the Rights of the Child","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Respect: a Report into How Well Article 12 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child is Put into Practice across the UK","author":"CR2000 Team","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Children's Participation, from Tokenism to Citizenship","author":"Hart RA","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"The Article 31 Action Pack","author":"Hart RA","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Giving Children a Voice","author":"Hart RA","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Children's Participation: The Theory and Practice of Involving Young Citizens in Community Development and Environmental Care","author":"Hart RA","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Escape from Childhood","author":"Holt J","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"The Politics of Childhood","author":"Hoyles M","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Taking Part","author":"Lansdown G","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Never Too Young: How Young Children Can Take Responsibility and Make Decisions","author":"Miller J","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Time to Listen to Children","author":"Milner P","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Summerhill","author":"Neill AS","year":"1962"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"A Guide to Rights. 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