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It was found that the nanomaterial possesses a structure dominated by sp<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> carbon atoms in a non\u2010ordered carbon network formed by small clusters (&lt;2\u2005nm) of a carbonaceous material. This material has an outstanding capability for donating electrons and an unusual ability to bind metal cations. Antioxidant activity assays showed that it displays a high scavenging activity against both 2,2\u2010diphenyl\u20101\u2010picrylhydrazyl and 2,2\u2032\u2010azino\u2010bis(3\u2010ethylbenzothiazoline\u20106\u2010sulfonic acid) radicals, and a concentration\u2010dependent ability to protect mitochondrial lipids and intracellular thiol groups from oxidation promoted by external oxidising agents. Cell\u2010based assays also revealed that the nanomaterial has the ability to protect neuronal cells against oxidative damage and toxicity promoted by <jats:italic>tert<\/jats:italic>\u2010butyl hydroperoxide and amyloid\u2010\u03b2<jats:sub>1\u201342<\/jats:sub> peptide. These results, combined with the attractive methodology for generating this hydrophilic carbon\u2010based nanomaterial, make this study the first step in addressing the therapeutic application of this new material.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.201900003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T17:02:23Z","timestamp":1549040543000},"page":"699-711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Hydrophilic Carbon Nanomaterials: Characterisation by Physical, Chemical, and Biological Assays"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Andreia D.","family":"Veloso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CQ-VR and Chemistry Department University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro  5000-801 Vila Real Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana M.","family":"Ferraria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica-F\u00edsica Molecular and IN and IBB Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico Universidade de Lisboa  1049-001 Lisboa Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana M.","family":"Botelho\u2005do\u2005Rego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica-F\u00edsica Molecular and IN and IBB Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico Universidade de Lisboa  1049-001 Lisboa Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro B.","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQ-VR and Chemistry Department University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro  5000-801 Vila Real Portugal"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Valent\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Laborat\u00f3rio de Farmacognosia Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia Universidade do Porto  4050-313 Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"David D.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Laborat\u00f3rio de Farmacognosia Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia Universidade do Porto  4050-313 Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paula B.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Laborat\u00f3rio de Farmacognosia Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia Universidade do Porto  4050-313 Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio J.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I3N and Physics Department University of Aveiro  Campus de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria C.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQ-VR and Chemistry Department University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro  5000-801 Vila Real Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4170-0092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romeu A.","family":"Videira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Laborat\u00f3rio de Farmacognosia Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia Universidade do Porto  4050-313 Porto Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11308","DOI":"10.1021\/ja904843x","volume":"131","author":"Yang S.-T.","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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