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Aurones were found to be inactive at 20\u2005\u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>, whereas azaaurones and <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetylazaaurones emerged as the most potent compounds, with nine derivatives displaying MIC<jats:sub>99<\/jats:sub> values ranging from 0.4 to 2.0\u2005\u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>. In addition, several <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetylazaaurones were found to be active against multidrug\u2010resistant (MDR) and extensively drug\u2010resistant (XDR) clinical <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>.\u2005<jats:italic>tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> isolates. The antimycobacterial mechanism of action of these compounds remains to be determined; however, a preliminary mechanistic study confirmed that they do not inhibit the mycobacterial cytochrome <jats:italic>bc1<\/jats:italic> complex. Additionally, microsomal metabolic stability and metabolite identification studies revealed that <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetylazaaurones are deacetylated to their azaaurone counterparts. Overall, these results demonstrate that azaaurones and their <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetyl counterparts represent a new entry in the toolbox of chemotypes capable of inhibiting <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>.\u2005<jats:italic>tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.201900289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,11]],"date-time":"2019-07-11T08:07:41Z","timestamp":1562832461000},"page":"1537-1546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Azaaurones as Potent Antimycobacterial Agents Active against MDR\u2010 and XDR\u2010TB"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Campani\u00e7o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia Universidade de Lisboa  Av. 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