{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T06:53:15Z","timestamp":1775717595104,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Corp Soc Responsibility Env"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The significance of fostering an internal corporate social responsibility (ICSR) plan to advance employee well\u2010being is not fully understood. This article explores employee well\u2010being from a positive balance perspective, combining the strategic approach to Internal Corporate Social Responsibility with the Theory of subjective well\u2010being. Drawing on Sirgy's hierarchical model of well\u2010being and the Job Demands\u2010Resources. Framework, the study positions well\u2010being as a multidimensional construct shaped by both organizational practices and individual experiences across various life domains. The main goal is to identify and model the factors that determine employee well\u2010being within the organizational environment. The empirical analysis uses data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021 (EWCTS 2021) (Eurofound 2022), covering a representative sample of 11,221 employed individuals across EU countries and the UK. Sets of variables structured in three blocks (traditional factors, organizational factors, and personal conditions) were tested. For estimation, the weighted logistic regression, multinomial regression, and Tobit models are used. For capturing cognitive, emotional, and eudaimonic aspects of well\u2010being, subjective well\u2010being is analyzed as a binary outcome (high vs. low well\u2010being), as a trichotomous variable (low, medium, and high levels), and as a continuous index. The results show that employee well\u2010being is associated with ICSR practices through a structural mechanism, which connects with the job demands\u2013resources framework and the Positive Balance perspective, integrating different dimensions and levels of well\u2010being. The modeling strategy identifies a nonlinear pattern in which the intermediate level of well\u2010being emerges as a transitional zone between low and high well\u2010being. At this level, ICSR\u2010related factors exhibit weaker associations, and the overall configuration of well\u2010being determinants becomes less uniform. More institutional ICSR practices, including organizational participation, are less popular, which may indicate that positive balance mechanisms are not completely engaged. The consistency of the results across alternative model specifications reinforces the view of internal corporate social responsibility not only as an ethical commitment but as a strategic enabler of organizational sustainability and resilience, through a differentiated, employee well\u2010being\u2013centered approach. These findings suggest that ICSR policies should be designed in a differentiated manner, combining managerial strategies aimed at activating employee well\u2010being across different states with broader social objectives related to sustainable work, quality of working life, and social well\u2010being.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/csr.70587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T06:03:23Z","timestamp":1775714603000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Does Internal Corporate Social Responsibility Drive Employee Well\u2010Being? Evidence From a Positive Balance Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6174-7883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa C.","family":"Herrador\u2010Alcaide","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Business and Economics, Desp. 1.14 Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia (UNED)  Madrid Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6229-6148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Correia","family":"Leit\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NECE, Research Centre for Business Sciences University of Beira Interior  Covilh\u00e3 Portugal"},{"name":"CEGIST \u2013 Centre for Management Studies, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico Universidade de Lisboa  Portugal"},{"name":"ICS \u2013 Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Sociais Universidade de Lisboa  Lisboa Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8774-4533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Montserrat","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez\u2010Sol\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Business and Economics Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia (UNED)  Madrid Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1119-2744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dina","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Management Studies of IST University of Lisbon  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Polytechnic University of Castelo Branco Campus da Talagueira, Avenida do Empres\u00e1rio  Castelo Branco Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S398586"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"The Conceptual Relationship Between Workplace Well\u2010Being, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Healthcare Costs","volume":"13","author":"Avramchuk A. 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