{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T09:12:40Z","timestamp":1774084360609,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":158,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,20]],"date-time":"2015-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of ionic liquids (ILs) for biomass processing has attracted considerable attention recently as it provides distinct features for pre\u2010treated biomass and fractionated materials in comparison to conventional processes. Process intensification through integration of dissolution, fractionation, hydrolysis and\/or conversion in one pot should be accomplished to maximise economic and technological feasibility. The possibility of using alternative ILs capable not only of dissolving and deconstructing selectively biomass but also of catalysing reactions simultaneously are a potential solution of this problem. In this Review a critical overview of the state of the art and perspectives of the hydrolysis and conversion of cellulose and lignocellulosic biomass using acidic ILs using no additional catalyst are provided. The efficiency of the process is mainly considered with regard to the hydrolysis and conversion yields obtained and the selectivity of each reaction. The process conditions can be easily tuned to obtain sugars and\/or platform chemicals, such as furans and organic acids. On the other hand, product recovery from the IL and its purity are the main challenges for the acceptance of this technology as a feasible alternative to conventional processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201402950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,20]],"date-time":"2015-02-20T07:08:33Z","timestamp":1424416113000},"page":"947-965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":199,"title":["Acidic Ionic Liquids as Sustainable Approach of Cellulose and Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion without Additional Catalysts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9 M.","family":"da\u2005Costa\u2005Lopes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Bogel\u2010\u0141ukasik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1114736"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2010.01.088"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr500330z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","volume-title":"Wood chemistry: fundamentals and applications","author":"Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m E.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/B611568C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(99)00047-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0144-8617(03)00147-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-8524(01)00212-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-3348-4_15"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110839654"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja808537j"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10529-007-9468-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4GC01093K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-31887-0_1","volume-title":"D\u2010Xylitol Fermentative Production, Application and Commercialization","author":"Girio F. M.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/10_2006_040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","first-page":"2","volume-title":"Lignin: Historical, Biological, and Materials Perspectives, Vol.\u2005742","author":"McCarthy J. L.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02773813.2013.794841"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ceat.200800073"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2013.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2043-7129-1-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","unstructured":"SIADEB 2013 www.siadeb.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ie801542g"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/poc.863"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp058015c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c1ra01006a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/je101269p"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fluid.2012.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/je025591i"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jct.2006.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1090313"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.05.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/B006677J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b411922c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2007.10.079"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c1gc15327g"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2010.08.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b419172b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00706-007-0758-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jct.2012.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2010.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/je201301b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2gc36364j"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_2","unstructured":"J.\u2005P. Hallett 6th International Conference on Green and Sustainable Chemistry Nottingham UK 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja025790m"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b600586c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2009.10.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.22386"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02773810701282330"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf071692e"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b822702k"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02773813.2010.486463"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2008.11.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ef901215m"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b918787a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c003976d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b815310h"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5539\/mas.v4n11p19"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-011-9315-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.24522"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2043-7129-1-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ra43091j"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2008.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-49194-5_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-0229(98)00101-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/10_2007_070"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.201000302"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ie901047u"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/948652"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ie200938h"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2gc35071h"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12155-012-9291-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2013.04.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c1gc15374a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/B711512A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2011.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ra01328b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_93_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcata.2010.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.08.095"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2010.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ie401100x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcata.2009.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2012.02.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_100_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ra20574b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf401980p"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.05.083"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2012.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr100171a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ef1000198"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2012.12.132"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4GC01252F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_109_2","volume-title":"Lignins: occurrence, formation, structure and reactions","author":"Sarkanen K. V.","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr900354u"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_111_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201000112"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2011.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2012.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_115_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcata.2006.01.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcata.2006.08.080"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0297382"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2541(02)00263-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2014.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00418a009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcata.2009.04.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_123_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.23014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2009.02.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c1gc15111h"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_127_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2012.04.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2010.04.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2011.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0351802"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_132_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/je900533h"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200604402"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_134_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.200604402"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/je900009a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/3527608788"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2011.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_138_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2614(98)00979-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_140_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00449-014-1165-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_141_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b104191f"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_143_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2011.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_144_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201200031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_145_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_146_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp003309d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_147_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2011.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_148_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fluid.2010.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_149_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_150_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0912073107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_151_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2011.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_152_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201300267"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_153_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_154_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/btpr.613"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_155_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2008.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_156_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12155-010-9091-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_157_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2014.01.016"}],"container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcssc.201402950","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cssc.201402950","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T20:47:23Z","timestamp":1760388443000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cssc.201402950"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,20]]},"references-count":158,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cssc.201402950"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cssc.201402950","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1864-5631","1864-564X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1864-5631","type":"print"},{"value":"1864-564X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-09-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-02-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}