{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T03:28:40Z","timestamp":1773113320702,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]],"date-time":"2019-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016-03931325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-03931325"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A facile approach for modifying the UiO\u201066\u2010NH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> metal\u2013organic framework by incorporating imidazolium\u2010based ionic liquids (ILs) to form bifunctional heterogeneous catalysts for the cycloaddition of epoxides to CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> is reported. Methylimidazolium\u2010 and methylbenzimidazolium\u2010based IL units (ILA and ILB, respectively) were introduced into the pore walls of the UiO\u201066\u2010NH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> framework through a condensation reaction to generate ILA@U6N and ILB@U6N catalysts, respectively. The resultant heterogeneous catalysts, especially ILA@U6N, exhibited excellent CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> adsorption capability, which makes them effective for cycloaddition reactions producing cyclic carbonates under mild reaction conditions in the absence of any cocatalyst or solvent. The significantly enhanced activity of ILA@U6N is attributed to the synergism between the coordinately unsaturated Lewis acidic Zr<jats:sup>4+<\/jats:sup> centers and Br<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> ions in the bifunctional heterogeneous catalysts. The size effect of the ILs on coupling between the epoxide and CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was also studied for ILA@U6N and ILB@U6N. A periodic DFT study was performed to provide evidence of possible intermediates, transition states, and pathways, as well as to gain deeper insight into the mechanism of the ILA@U6N\u2010catalyzed cycloaddition reaction between epichlorohydrin and CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201802838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]],"date-time":"2019-01-04T23:06:26Z","timestamp":1546643186000},"page":"1033-1042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Ionic\u2010Liquid\u2010Functionalized UiO\u201066 Framework: An Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Cycloaddition of CO<sub>2<\/sub> and Epoxides"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jintu Francis","family":"Kurisingal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Pusan National University  Busan 46241 Korea"}]},{"given":"Yadagiri","family":"Rachuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Pusan National University  Busan 46241 Korea"}]},{"given":"Renjith S.","family":"Pillai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry SRM Institute of Science and Technology  Kattankulathur 603203 Tamil Nadu India"}]},{"given":"Yunjang","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Pusan National University  Busan 46241 Korea"}]},{"given":"Youngson","family":"Choe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Pusan National University  Busan 46241 Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4668-4906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dae\u2010Won","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Pusan National University  Busan 46241 Korea"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr4002758"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201700218"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.7b02306"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cs300462r"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.7b00142"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.11.229"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtice.2017.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NJ02606D"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.7b00039"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.8b01588"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CY02063E"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.7b00513"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ghg.1766"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.organomet.7b00830"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.7b03367"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cs5018997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.6b01386"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201701821"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201801065"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcata.2018.11.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c1ee01388b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3py00343d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/B304963A"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5FD00067J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7FD90090B"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00776"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","unstructured":"S. Zhang X. Lu Q. Zhou X. Li X. Zhang S. Li Elsevier 2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CY02045J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejic.200500872"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcata.2010.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2015.0005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CY02199B"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CY00749G"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adsc.200900043"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.7b04149"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0279242"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10450-011-9327-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.7b00974"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA01119B"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2017.04.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.6b03169"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201404104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.7b03404"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5GC02153G"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201702193"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201700716"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cg101587h"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.7b02087"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6GC00524A"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.8b00204"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1230444"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201808991"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.201808991"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b10643"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.8b06582"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.8b06407"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b19282"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja8057953"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ica.2009.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-9635(00)00345-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.201800137"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201203985"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2004.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1543154"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002140050523"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00268979709482119"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3382344"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TA05688H"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TA04004K"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2017.09.040"}],"container-title":["ChemSusChem"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcssc.201802838","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cssc.201802838","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cssc.201802838","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cssc.201802838","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T20:50:00Z","timestamp":1760388600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cssc.201802838"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cssc.201802838"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cssc.201802838","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1864-5631","1864-564X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1864-5631","type":"print"},{"value":"1864-564X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-12-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-02-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}