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However, PSC thermal stability is still an obstacle to their commercialization. In this study, the temperature effect on mesoporous triple\u2010cation perovskite solar cells with two different hole extraction materials\u20142,2\u2032,7,7\u2032\u2010tetrakis(<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010di\u2010<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010methoxyphenylamine)\u20109,9\u2032\u2010spirobifluorene (spiro\u2010OMeTAD) and poly[bis(4\u2010phenyl)(2,4,6\u2010trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA)\u2014is assessed. The cells are exposed to thermal stress between \u22125\u2009\u00b0C and 80\u2009\u00b0C and their photovoltaic performance is monitored in situ to reproduce real operating conditions. At low temperatures, the devices present very stable values (average loss &lt;5\u2009%), but as the temperature increases significant decreases in the open circuit potential and short\u2010circuit current are observed. X\u2010ray diffraction shows no change in the perovskite crystal structure with temperature. However, electron scanning microscopy and X\u2010ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate that temperature has a great impact on the hole extraction layer. The cell performance loss is attributed to the evaporation of additives added to the hole extraction layer to enhance its conductivity. Although the decrease in power conversion efficiency at 80\u2009\u00b0C is slightly higher for PTAA cells, spiro\u2010OMeTAD cells present a higher irreversible loss of (21.6\u00b12.3)\u2009% after thermal stress tests, whereas PTAA devices showed only a loss of (8.2\u00b11.6)\u2009%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201802899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,26]],"date-time":"2019-02-26T00:53:24Z","timestamp":1551142404000},"page":"2186-2194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":127,"title":["Temperature Impact on Perovskite Solar Cells Under Operation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Isabel","family":"Mesquita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2013Chemical Engineering Department University of Porto, Faculty of Engineering  Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s\/n 4200-465 Porto 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