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However, to facilitate the full dissolution of the higher valency metal oxides present in the cathode black mass, a suitable reducing agent is required. Herein, the application of industrial black liquor (BL) obtained from the Kraft pulping for papermaking is investigated as a renewable reducing agent for the enhanced leaching of transition metals from LIB powder with H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>SO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>. The addition of acidified BL to H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>SO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> significantly improved the leaching efficiency for a range of LIB cathode chemistries, with the strongest effect observed for manganese\u2010rich active material. Focusing on NMC<jats:sub>111<\/jats:sub> (LiMn<jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>Co<jats:sub>y<\/jats:sub>Ni<jats:sub>z<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) material, a linear correlation between the BL concentration and the leaching yield of Mn was obtained, with the best overall leaching efficiencies being achieved for 2.0\u2005mol\u2009L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>SO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> and 50\u2005vol\u2009% of BL at 353\u2005K. A quasi\u2010total degradation of oxygenated and aromatic groups from the BL during NMC<jats:sub>111<\/jats:sub> dissolution was observed after leaching, suggesting that these chemical groups are essential for LIB reduction. Finally, the leached transition metals could be easily recovered by pH adjustment and oxalic acid addition, closing the resource loop and fostering resource efficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202301801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T10:03:07Z","timestamp":1707300187000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Repurposing Kraft black Liquor as Reductant for Enhanced Lithium\u2010Ion Battery Leaching"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ana R. F.","family":"Carreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO \u2013 Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro  3810-193 Aveiro Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8616-6463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 F. 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Nossa Senhora da Concei\u00e7\u00e3o 3405-155 Oliveira do Hospital Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0573-093X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Passos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO \u2013 Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro  3810-193 Aveiro Portugal"},{"name":"LSRE-LCM \u2013 Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering \u2013 Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Faculty of Engineering University of Porto  Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 4200-465 Porto Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE \u2013 Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Porto  Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 4200-465 Porto Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0747-2532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Schaeffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO \u2013 Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro  3810-193 Aveiro Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3841-743X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o A. 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