{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:46:36Z","timestamp":1790423196621,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,5]],"date-time":"2016-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mimicry is one of the oldest concepts in biology, but it still presents many puzzles and continues to be widely debated. Simulation of wasps with a yellow\u2010black abdominal pattern by other insects (commonly called \u201cwasp mimicry\u201d) is traditionally considered a case of resemblance of unprofitable by profitable prey causing educated predators to avoid models and mimics to the advantage of both (Figure\u00a01a). However, as wasps themselves are predators of insects, wasp mimicry can also be seen as a case of resemblance to one's own potential antagonist. We here propose an additional hypothesis to Batesian and M\u00fcllerian mimicry (both typically involving selection by learning vertebrate predators; cf. Table 1) that reflects another possible scenario for the evolution of multifold and in particular very accurate resemblances to wasps: an innate, visual inhibition of aggression among look\u2010alike wasps, based on their social organization and high abundance. We argue that wasp species resembling each other need not only be M\u00fcllerian mutualists and that other insects resembling wasps need not only be Batesian mimics, but an innate ability of wasps to recognize each other during hunting is the driver in the evolution of a distinct kind of masquerade, in which model, mimic, and selecting agent belong to one or several species (Figure \u00a01b). Wasp mimics resemble wasps not (only) to be mistaken by educated predators but rather, or in addition, to escape attack from their wasp models. Within a given ecosystem, there will be selection pressures leading to masquerade driven by wasps and\/or to mimicry driven by other predators that have to learn to avoid them. Different pressures by guilds of these two types of selective agents could explain the widely differing fidelity with respect to the models in assemblages of yellow jackets and yellow jacket look\u2010alikes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.2586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,5]],"date-time":"2016-12-05T05:55:09Z","timestamp":1480917309000},"page":"73-81","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["A hypothesis to explain accuracy of wasp resemblances"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Boppr\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Forstzoologie und Entomologie Albert\u2010Ludwigs\u2010Universit\u00e4t Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard I.","family":"Vane\u2010Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE) University of Kent Canterbury UK"},{"name":"Life Sciences Natural History Museum London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Wickler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max\u2010Planck\u2010Institut f\u00fcr Ornithologie Seewiesen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00219266.1985.9654747"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","volume-title":"Vespine wasps of the world","author":"Archer M. 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