{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T10:48:26Z","timestamp":1771843706007,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,22]],"date-time":"2005-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1109030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), demyelination is induced by myelin\u2010specific CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T lymphocytes and myelin\u2010specific antibodies. Recovery from the disease is initiated by cytokines which suppress T cell expansion and the production of myelin\u2010toxic molecules by macrophages. Th2\/3 cell\u2010derived signals may also be involved in central nervous system (CNS) repair. Remyelination is thought to be initiated by the recruitment and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) in demyelinated CNS lesions. Here, we report that unlike Th1 cytokines (TNF\u2010\u03b1, IFN\u2010\u03b3), the Th2\/3 cytokine TGF\u2010\u03b2 induces primary microglia from C57BL\/6 mice to secrete a chemotactic factor for primary OPC. We identified this factor to be the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Our studies show that TGF\u2010\u03b2\u20101\u20102\u20103 as well as IFN\u2010\u03b2 induce HGF secretion by microglia and that antibodies to the HGF receptor c\u2010Met abrogate OPC chemotaxis induced by TGF\u2010\u03b22\u2010treated microglia. In addition we show spinal cord lesions in EAE induced in SJL\/J mice to contain both OPC and HGF producing macrophages in the recovery phase, but not in the acute stage of disease. Taken these findings, TGF\u2010\u03b2 may play a pivotal role in remyelination by inducing microglia to release HGF which is both a chemotactic and differentiation factor for OPC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,22]],"date-time":"2005-02-22T09:48:06Z","timestamp":1109065686000},"page":"727-737","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["TGF\u2010\u03b2\u2010treated microglia induce oligodendrocyte precursor cell chemotaxis through the HGF\u2010c\u2010Met pathway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Patrice\u2004H.","family":"Lalive","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rey","family":"Paglinawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gregoire","family":"Biollaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elisabeth\u2004A.","family":"Kappos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dino\u2004P.","family":"Leone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Malipiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joao\u2004B.","family":"Relvas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Martijn","family":"Moransard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Suter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08220-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.25.112701.142913"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni0901-762"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2494(99)80002-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2003.01285.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/344266"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199902)29:02<626::AID-IMMU626>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.24.11294"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410230405"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","first-page":"1611","article-title":"Interactions between oligodendrocytes and microglia. A major role for complement and tumour necrosis factor in oligodendrocyte adherence and killing.","volume":"115","author":"Zajicek J. P.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.4.2132","article-title":"Microglial cell cytotoxicity of oligodendrocytes is mediated through nitric oxide.","volume":"151","author":"Merrill J. E.","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8430320"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2001.1820117.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri704"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn917"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10286"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/84209"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10323"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80247-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12607024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"Transforming growth factor beta induces anchorage\u2010independent growth of NRK fibroblasts via a connective tissue growth factor\u2010dependent signaling pathway.","volume":"8","author":"Kothapalli D.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell Growth Differ."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdf643"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4644(19980915)70:4<517::AID-JCB8>3.0.CO;2-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10396","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)81633-7","article-title":"Regulation of type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor gene expression in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. Induction by transforming growth factor\u2010beta, lipopolysaccharide, and tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha.","volume":"264","author":"Sawdey M.","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/6310"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4547(20001101)62:3<389::AID-JNR9>3.0.CO;2-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00838-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0502-500"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.121.6.1397"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1998.00726.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1043-4666(94)90051-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601611"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.00776.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M210366200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80565-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.3.1104","article-title":"Kinetics of expression of costimulatory molecules and their ligands in murine relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in vivo.","volume":"161","author":"Issazadeh S.","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm781"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_2","first-page":"265","article-title":"Migration assays for oligodendrocyte precursor cells.","volume":"139","author":"Frost E. E.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3497","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.120.12.3497","article-title":"A developmental analysis of oligodendroglial integrins in primary cells: changes in alpha v\u2010associated beta subunits during differentiation.","volume":"120","author":"Milner R.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Development"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Feji.200425430","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eji.200425430","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T19:01:12Z","timestamp":1696964472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eji.200425430"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,22]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eji.200425430"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.200425430","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2980","1521-4141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2980","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,22]]}}}