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Within the thymus, thymic epithelial cells (TECs) provide microenvironments supportive of the generation and selection of T cells that are responsive to pathogen\u2010derived antigens, and yet tolerant to self\u2010determinants. Defects in TEC differentiation cause syndromes that range from immunodeficiency to autoimmunity, which makes the study of TECs of fundamental and clinical importance to comprehend how immunity and tolerance are balanced. Critical to tolerance induction are medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs), which purge autoreactive T cells, or redirect them to a regulatory T\u2010cell lineage. In this issue of the <jats:italic>European Journal of Immunology<\/jats:italic>, studies by Baik et\u00a0al. and Mayer et\u00a0al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2016. 46: XXXX\u2010XXXX and 46: XXXX\u2010XXXX]) document novel spatial\u2013temporal singularities in the lineage specification and maintenance of mTECs. While Baik et\u00a0al. define a developmental checkpoint during mTEC specification in the embryo, Mayer et\u00a0al. reveal that the generation and maintenance of the adult mTEC compartment is temporally controlled in vivo. The two reports described new developmentally related, but temporally distinct principles that underlie the homeostasis of the thymic medulla across life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201646329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,7]],"date-time":"2016-03-07T04:58:38Z","timestamp":1457326718000},"page":"829-833","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Thymus medulla under construction: Time and space oddities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Nuno L.","family":"Alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade (I3S) Universidade do Porot  Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC) Universidade do Porto  Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana R.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade (I3S) Universidade do Porot  Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto 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