{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:08:07Z","timestamp":1772118487055,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The polyimmunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) transcytoses J chain\u2010containing antibodies through mucosal epithelia. In mammals, two cis\u2010duplicates of\n                    <jats:italic>PIGR<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>FCMR<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>FCAMR<\/jats:italic>\n                    , flank the\n                    <jats:italic>PIGR<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene. A\n                    <jats:italic>PIGR<\/jats:italic>\n                    duplication is first found in amphibians, previously annotated as\n                    <jats:italic>PIGR2<\/jats:italic>\n                    (herein\n                    <jats:italic>xlFCAMR<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and is expressed by APCs. We demonstrate that xlFcamR is the equivalent of mammalian FcamR. It has been assumed that pIgR is the oldest member of this family, yet our data could not distinguish whether\n                    <jats:italic>PIGR<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>FCAMR<\/jats:italic>\n                    emerged first; however,\n                    <jats:italic>FCMR<\/jats:italic>\n                    was the last family member to emerge. Interestingly, bony fish \u201cpIgR\u201d is not an orthologue of tetrapod pIgR, and possibly acquired its function via convergent evolution.\n                    <jats:italic>PIGR\/FCAMR\/FCMR<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0are members of a larger superfamily, including\n                    <jats:italic>TREM<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>CD300<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>NKp44<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which we name the \u201cdouble\u2010disulfide Ig superfamily\u201d (ddIgSF). Domains related to each ddIgSF family were identified in cartilaginous fish (sharks, chimeras) and encoded in a single gene cluster syntenic to the human pIgR locus. Thus, the ddIgSF families date back to the earliest antibody\u2010based adaptive immunity, but apparently not before. Finally, our data strongly suggest that the J chain arose in evolution only for Ig multimerization.\u00a0This study provides a framework for further studies of pIgR and the ddIgSF in vertebrates.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202149383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T14:49:35Z","timestamp":1629384575000},"page":"2590-2606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Identification of the Fc\u2010alpha\/mu receptor in\n                    <i>Xenopus<\/i>\n                    provides insight into the emergence of the poly\u2010Ig receptor (pIgR) and mucosal Ig transport"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4803-3824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily M.","family":"Flowers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore MD USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9886-8419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harold R.","family":"Neely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology Harvard Medical School  Boston MA USA"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore MD USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8540-8301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tereza","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore MD USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2348-9107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuko","family":"Ohta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore MD USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6920-611X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caitlin D.","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Committee on Immunology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Chicago  Chicago IL USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2792-5084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin F","family":"Flajnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore MD USA"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.19.8796"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)43301-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/308037a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.12.7257"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2011.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxp121"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200105)31:5<1310::AID-IMMU1310>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200839184"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2008.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2009.01.176"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202227"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1222264110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.10640"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-006-0112-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015986"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2011.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-005-0771-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-09-435057"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2009.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00945"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12345"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The appearance and diversification of receptors for IgM during vertebrate evolution","volume":"408","author":"Akula S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. 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