{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:08:36Z","timestamp":1772118516890,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]],"date-time":"2022-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000026","name":"Institute of Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/128874\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/128874\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004167","name":"Medicines for Malaria Venture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD\/BD\/135452\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/135452\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004167","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The nature of the immune responses associated with COVID\u201019 pathogenesis and disease severity, as well as the breadth of vaccine coverage and duration of immunity, is still unclear. Given the unpredictability for developing a severe\/complicated disease, there is an urgent need in the field for predictive biomarkers of COVID\u201019. We have analyzed IgG Fc\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010glycan traits of 82 SARS\u2010CoV\u20102+ unvaccinated patients, at diagnosis, by nano\u2010LC\u2010ESI\u2010MS. We determined the impact of IgG Fc glyco\u2010variations in the induction of NK cells activation, further evaluating the association between IgG Fc\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010glycans and disease severity\/prognosis. We found that SARS\u2010CoV\u20102+ individuals display, at diagnosis, variations in the glycans composition of circulating IgGs. Importantly, levels of galactose and sialic acid structures on IgGs are able to predict the development of a poor COVID\u201019 disease. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that a deficiency on galactose structures on IgG Fc in COVID\u201019 patients appears to induce NK cells activation associated with increased release of IFN\u2010\u03b3 and TNF\u2010\u03b1, which indicates the presence of pro\u2010inflammatory immunoglobulins and higher immune activation, associated with a poor disease course. This study brings to light a novel blood biomarker based on IgG Fc glycome composition with capacity to stratify patients at diagnosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202149491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T03:58:57Z","timestamp":1647835137000},"page":"946-957","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Altered IgG glycosylation at COVID\u201019 diagnosis predicts disease severity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Manuel M.","family":"Vicente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S \u2013 Institute for Research and Innovation in Health University of Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS) University of Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology (GABBA) ICBAS University of Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto (IPATIMUP)  Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S \u2013 Institute for Research and Innovation in Health University of Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto (IPATIMUP)  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Gaifem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S \u2013 Institute for Research and Innovation in Health University of Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto (IPATIMUP)  Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia S.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S \u2013 Institute for Research and Innovation in Health University of Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS) University of Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto (IPATIMUP)  Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"\u00c2ngela","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S \u2013 Institute for Research and Innovation in Health University of Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto (IPATIMUP)  Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana M.","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S \u2013 Institute for Research and Innovation in Health University of Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto (IPATIMUP)  Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jerko","family":"\u0160tambuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory  Zagreb Croatia"}]},{"given":"Tea","family":"Petrovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory  Zagreb Croatia"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS) University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Frederico","family":"Ferreira\u2010da\u2010Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S \u2013 Institute for Research and Innovation in Health University of Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC) University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department Hospital Beatriz \u00c2ngelo  Loures Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nair","family":"Seixas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia\/Espinho  Gaia Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Centro 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