{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T11:56:18Z","timestamp":1761393378742,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,21]],"date-time":"2005-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1127260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Inorg Chem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The catalytic activity of several nickel(<jats:sc>II<\/jats:sc>) complexes with salen\u2010type ligands and their zeolite\u2010immobilised analogues is assessed in the epoxidation of <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>\u2010\u03b2\u2010methylstyrene by NaOCl, in the absence and in the presence of oxygen. The complexes were immobilised in zeolites X and Y using the \u201cship\u2010in\u2010a\u2010bottle\u201d procedure, and the resulting materials were characterised by chemical analysis, XPS and IR, and UV\/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The loading and the distribution of the complexes in the materials were found to be dependent on the ligand. All (salen)nickel complexes proved to be active in the homogeneous and heterogeneous epoxidation of <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>\u2010\u03b2\u2010methylstyrene by NaOCl. The immobilised complexes gave lower conversions and their catalytic activity is dependent on the loading and distribution of the complexes within the zeolites. In both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, the alkene conversion is influenced by oxygen. Removing oxygen from the reaction media results in lower alkene conversion but higher epoxide selectivity. Based on these results, two competitive mechanisms are proposed for the epoxidation reaction, one implying the formation of free radicals and other involving the binding of the substrate to a (oxo)metal intermediate. (\u00a9 Wiley\u2010VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejic.200500314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,21]],"date-time":"2005-09-21T11:47:04Z","timestamp":1127303224000},"page":"4272-4279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["(Salen)nickel\u2010Catalysed Epoxidations in the Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Phase: The Implications of Oxygen on the Efficiency and Product Selectivity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2005","author":[{"given":"Rita","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hermenegildo","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Baltazar","family":"de Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Freire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/a806483k"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-58571-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"1557","author":"Nishikori H.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Synlett"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/a701337j"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4039(00)82471-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00226a029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1381-1169(97)00195-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1381-1169(00)00213-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00220a086"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00167a078"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-860X(99)00274-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1381-1169(98)00257-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1387-1811(00)00160-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejic.200300796"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-0682(200211)2002:11<3032::AID-EJIC3032>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/B401830C"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micromeso.2003.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2004.06.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1381-1169(03)00193-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1381-1169(99)00093-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1381-1169(99)00293-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2004.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejic.200300831"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-8984\/16\/45\/001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1381-1169(01)00348-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","unstructured":"Mainly chlorinated and allyclic hydroxylation products (identified by GC\u2010MS)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00419a049"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejic.200300448"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1019102003494"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ol0069406"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0177206"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","unstructured":"For this reason in certain oxidations using peroxides such as the Fenton reaction H2O2is often seen as an initiator rather than an oxidant because it contributes only to initiate the formation of radicals from O2. It is therefore interesting to explore the catalytic activity of the complexes in the absence of oxygen."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1351\/pac200072071289"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4039(99)00488-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/a708231b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-5387(98)00233-2"},{"volume-title":"Progress in Inorganic Chemistry","year":"1966","author":"Holm R. 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