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In this study, modeling and optimization of the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from cardoon oil for biodiesel uses was performed at laboratory scale, <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> response surface methodology, following a central composite rotatable design. FAME were obtained by transesterification of crude cardoon oil with methanol in the presence of a catalyst (sodium methoxide) for 120\u2005min. The temperature ranged from 26 to 94\u2005\u00b0C, the amount of sodium methoxide varied between 0.12 and 2.5\u2005wt\u2010% and the molar ratio methanol\/oil from 0.95\u2005:\u20051 to 11\u2005:\u20051. The estimated yield of FAME (97%) was obtained after 30\u2005min, at 52\u2005\u00b0C, for a molar ratio of 6.4\u2005:\u20051 and 1.4\u2005wt\u2010% of catalyst. In laboratory\u2010scale model validation experiments, 94% of FAME yield was obtained after 30\u2005min of reaction. Transesterification was performed in a 30\u2010L reactor, under previously optimized conditions: A yield of 88% FAME was obtained after 90\u2005min of reaction time, due to mass transfer limitations. After purification, the biodiesel showed high quality according to DIN EN 14214 standard specifications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.200900135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,26]],"date-time":"2010-01-26T20:12:37Z","timestamp":1264536757000},"page":"310-320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Response surface modeling and optimization of biodiesel production from <b><i>Cynara cardunculus<\/i><\/b> oil"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Sengo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Gominho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Louren\u00e7o","family":"d'Orey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"d'Almeida\u2010Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Suzana","family":"Ferreira\u2010Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/ABAB:122:1-3:0553"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lite.200800023"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ef060047r"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ie8005929"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"849","volume-title":"Biomass for Energy and Industry","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez J.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ie990012x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ef010174h"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0961-9534(02)00030-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2004.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2006.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"109","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd World Conference on Biomass for Energy, Industry and Climate Protection","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez J.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products","author":"Sonntag N. 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