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In Study 1, 15 subjects estimated member distributions and gave overall ratings of an ingroup and two outgroups. In Study 2, 42 subjects performed similar tasks for ingroup or outgroup, and evaluated likeable and unlikeable group members. Results showed, first, that overall group ratings account better for ingroup bias than do central tendencies of group distributions. In addition, likeable and unlikeable ingroup members were, respectively, upgraded and downgraded relative to their outgroup counterparts. Finally, whole ingroup ratings as well as judgements of likeable and unlikeable ingroup members proved more independent from variability and central tendency of underlying distributions than did similar outgroup judgements. Results are discussed in light of motivational and knowledge\u2010based determinants of group judgements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2420220403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,16]],"date-time":"2007-05-16T09:58:43Z","timestamp":1179309523000},"page":"331-352","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Ingroup bias and the \u2018black sheep\u2019 effect: Assessing the impact of social identification and perceived variability on group judgements"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Marques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elisabete M.","family":"Robalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Susana A.","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.53.2.235"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.86.2.307"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-497780-8.50019-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60317-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Social Identity Theory: Constructive and Critical Advances","author":"Hinkle S.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.95.4.528"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Social Identity Theory: Constructive and Critical Advances","author":"Hogg M. 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