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Choline oxidase (ChOx) was immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) through cross\u2010linking with glutaraldehyde. In the presence of ChOx, choline was enzymatically oxidized into betaine at \u20130.3\u2005V versus Ag\/AgCl reference electrode, lead ion inhibition of enzyme activity causing a decrease in the choline oxidation current. The experimental conditions were optimised regarding applied potential, buffer pH, enzyme and substrate concentration and incubation time. Under the best conditions for measurement of the lowest concentrations of lead ions, the ChOx\/MWCNT\/GCE gave a linear response from 0.1 to 1.0 nM Pb<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> and a detection limit of 0.04 nM. The inhibition of ChOx by lead ions was also studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, but had a narrower linear response range and low sensitivity. The inhibition biosensor exhibited high selectivity towards lead ions and was successfully applied to their determination in tap water samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.201700111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,19]],"date-time":"2017-04-19T04:05:24Z","timestamp":1492574724000},"page":"1741-1748","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Highly Sensitive Choline Oxidase Enzyme Inhibition Biosensor for Lead Ions Based on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Hend Samy","family":"Magar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Organic Chemistry Department National Research Centre  Giza Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology University of Coimbra  3004\u2013535 Coimbra Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mariana Emilia","family":"Ghica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology University of Coimbra  3004\u2013535 Coimbra Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Nooredeen","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Organic Chemistry Department National Research Centre  Giza Egypt"}]},{"given":"Christopher M. 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