{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T10:40:32Z","timestamp":1760524832165,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,17]],"date-time":"2012-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1345161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Electrophoresis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>PCR has been identified as one of the most important tools in molecular biology and clinical medicine. Improvement of the specificity and efficiency of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> is often required, and it still remains a great challenge. Here, we introduce the use of dendrimer\u2010entrapped gold nanoparticles (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>u <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DENP<\/jats:styled-content>s) with different terminal groups prepared using poly(amidoamine) (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAMAM<\/jats:styled-content>) dendrimers of generation 5 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>5) as a novel class of enhancers to improve the specificity and efficiency of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> amplification. We show that the optimum concentrations of all the tested <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>u <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DENP<\/jats:styled-content>s are lower than those of the corresponding <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAMAM<\/jats:styled-content> dendrimers without gold nanoparticles (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>u<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NP<\/jats:styled-content>s). For amine\u2010terminated [(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>u<jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup>)<jats:sub>51.2<\/jats:sub>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>5.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NH<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>] <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DENP<\/jats:styled-content>s, the optimum required concentration is slightly lower than that of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>5.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NH<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> dendrimers, whereas for glycidol\u2010modified [(Au<jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup>)<jats:sub>51.2<\/jats:sub>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>5.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NG<\/jats:styled-content>lyOH] and acetylated [(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>u<jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup>)<jats:sub>51.2<\/jats:sub>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>5.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHA<\/jats:styled-content>c] <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DENP<\/jats:styled-content>s, the optimum required concentrations are one and three magnitude lower than the corresponding dendrimers, respectively. Our results suggest that the entrapment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>u<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NP<\/jats:styled-content>s within the dendrimer interior helps to reserve the 3D spherical morphology of dendrimers, allowing for enhanced interaction with the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> components. Simultaneously, because of the existence of thermal conductive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>u<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NP<\/jats:styled-content>s, the enhanced local heat transfer rate may afford decreased chances of mispairing between primers and templates, which is beneficial for enhancing the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> specificity and efficiency. Therefore, the use of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>u <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DENP<\/jats:styled-content>s as a novel class of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> enhancers may enable both improved interaction with the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> components and the thermal conductivity, which allow them to be used for enhancing different error\u2010prone <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201200061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,14]],"date-time":"2012-06-14T04:25:26Z","timestamp":1339647926000},"page":"2598-2603","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Effect of the surface functional groups of dendrimer\u2010entrapped gold nanoparticles on the improvement of PCR"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Xueyan","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai People's Republic of China"}]},{"given":"Mingwu","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai People's Republic of China"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanobiology Laboratory, Bio\u2010X Life Science Research Center College of Life Science and Biotechnology Shanghai JiaoTong University Shanghai People's Republic of China"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanobiology Laboratory, Bio\u2010X Life Science Research Center College of Life Science and Biotechnology Shanghai JiaoTong University Shanghai People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics The Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai People's Republic of China"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular &amp; Cell Biology School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China"}]},{"given":"Xiangyang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai People's Republic of China"},{"name":"CQM\u2010 Centro de Qu\u00edmica da Madeira Universidade da Madeira Campus da Penteada Funchal Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,17]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"PCR primer: A laboratory manual","year":"1995","author":"Dieffenbach C. 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