{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T13:41:18Z","timestamp":1760708478610,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,24]],"date-time":"2013-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1358985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Electrophoresis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The spatial and temporal control of biological species is essential in complex microfluidic biosystems. In addition, if the biological species is a cell, microfluidic handling must ensure that the cell's metabolic viability is maintained. The use of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEP<\/jats:styled-content> for cell manipulation in microfluidics has many advantages because it is remote and fast, and the voltages required for cell trapping scale well with miniaturization. In this paper, the conditions for bacterial cell (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>scherichia coli<\/jats:italic>) trapping using a quadrupole electrode configuration in a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDMS<\/jats:styled-content> microfluidic channel were developed both for stagnant and for in\u2010flow fluidic situations. The effect of the electrical conductivity of the fluid, the applied electric field and frequency, and the fluid\u2010flow velocity were studied. A dynamic exchange between captured and free\u2010flowing cells during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEP<\/jats:styled-content> trapping was demonstrated. The metabolic activity of trapped cells was confirmed by using <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>. coli<\/jats:italic> cells genetically engineered to express green fluorescent protein under the control of an inducible promoter. Noninduced cells trapped by negative <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEP<\/jats:styled-content> and positive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEP<\/jats:styled-content> were able to express green fluorescent protein minutes after the inducer was inserted in the microchannel system immediately after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEP<\/jats:styled-content> trapping. Longer times of trapping prior to exposure to the inducer indicated first a degradation of the cell metabolic activity and finally cell death.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201200292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,23]],"date-time":"2012-11-23T02:17:05Z","timestamp":1353637025000},"page":"575-582","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Metabolic viability of <i><scp>E<\/scp>scherichia coli<\/i> trapped by dielectrophoresis in microfluidics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Sandra S.","family":"Donato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias and IN\u2010Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"IBB \u2013 Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering Centre for Biological and Chemical Engineering Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico Technical University of Lisbon  Lisbon Portugal"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias and IN\u2010Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology  Lisbon Portugal"}]},{"given":"Duarte M. 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