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The results showed that the encapsulation in calcium alginate microcapsules was only effective in promoting protection at freezing temperatures, independently of the sensitivity of the strain. Storage of calcium alginate microcapsules at \u221280\u00b0C indicated a protective effect upon viability of all four probiotic strains and the presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cysteine\u00b7HCl in the alginate matrix improved protection upon cell viability of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>. animalis<\/jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BB<\/jats:styled-content>\u201012\u00ae. An increase in storage temperature of encapsulated bacteria caused an increase in rate of loss in their viability that was strain dependent. This study suggests that microencapsulation of probiotic cells in calcium alginate can be suitable for sustaining the viability of probiotics in food products that require storage below freezing temperatures, even in the absence of cryoprotectors, contributing to an increased shelf life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/elsc.201200007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,25]],"date-time":"2012-06-25T09:37:12Z","timestamp":1340617032000},"page":"457-465","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Encapsulation of probiotic strains in plain or cysteine\u2010supplemented alginate improves viability at storage below freezing temperatures"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"S\u00e9rgio","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2010Escola Superior de Biotecnologia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa  Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana M.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2010Escola Superior de Biotecnologia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa  Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria M.","family":"Pintado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2010Escola Superior de Biotecnologia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa  Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francisco X.","family":"Malcata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2010Escola Superior de Biotecnologia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa  Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 P.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia Universidade do Porto  Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia Universidade do Porto  Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia Universidade do Porto  Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria H.","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia Universidade do Porto  Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISEIT\/Viseu, Instituto Piaget, Estrada do Alto do Gaio, Galifonge  Lordosa Viseu Portugal"}]},{"given":"Teresa A. 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