{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T06:51:11Z","timestamp":1791615071284,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8-9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008464","name":"Federal Emergency Management Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EMW\u20102018\u2010FP\u201000086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EMW\u20102018\u2010FP\u201000086"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008464","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 ES007062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 ES007062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000125","name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T42 OH008455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T42 OH008455"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environ and Mol Mutagen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Per\u2010 and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals used in a variety of consumer and industrial applications for their water\u2010 and oil\u2010resistant properties. Firefighters can be exposed to PFAS as part of their job through gear, aqueous film\u2010forming foams (AFFFs) used to extinguish aircraft and liquid fuel fires, along with exposure through other combustible materials during fire suppression activities. PFAS exposure has been linked to a variety of health conditions including cancer, obesity, reproductive issues, and immunosuppression. Epigenetic modifications may be one mechanism underlying PFAS toxicity. In this study, we used epigenetic indicators to assess association of PFAS serum concentrations with (1) epigenetic aging and (2) DNA methylation at loci within genes related to immune function. Blood leukocyte DNA methylation was quantified via the Infinium EPIC array from 184 participants in the Fire Fighter Cancer Cohort Study involved in aircraft rescue and firefighting, and serum PFAS was measured via on\u2010line solid phase extraction liquid chromatography isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. We observed inverse associations between PFAS concentrations and epigenetic clocks including between serum linear perfluorooctanoic acid (n\u2010PFOA) with four epigenetic clocks (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05); however, most did not remain significant in sensitivity analyses. Associations (\n                    <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.1) were observed between perfluorodecanoic acid, n\u2010PFOA, sum of branched perfluorooctane sulfonic acid isomers and differential methylation of specific loci within 34 immune\u2010related genes. Further research can help to better understand the functional impacts of the observed differential methylation on immune health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/em.70085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T06:40:53Z","timestamp":1791614453000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations of Serum Per\u2010 and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (\n                    <scp>PFAS<\/scp>\n                    ) With Epigenetic Age and\n                    <scp>DNA<\/scp>\n                    Methylation in US Airport Firefighters"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4095-9342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren M.","family":"Ward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences University of Michigan School of Public Health  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8289-9253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaclyn M.","family":"Goodrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences University of Michigan School of Public Health  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam M.","family":"Calkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environmental Natural Sciences Duke University  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1709-0906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shawn C.","family":"Beitel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community, Environment and Policy University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health  Tucson Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9796-7482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonia M.","family":"Calafat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5960-1308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto J.","family":"Caban\u2010Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences University of Miami Miller School of Medicine  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Louzado\u2010Feliciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences University of Miami Miller School of Medicine  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julianne Cook","family":"Botelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Furlong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community, Environment and Policy University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health  Tucson Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randy","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Port of Seattle Fire Department  SeaTac Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Matthis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Port of Portland Airport Fire and Rescue  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7676-0739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeff","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orange County Fire Authority  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2362-9509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jefferey L.","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community, Environment and Policy University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health  Tucson Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics14050394","article-title":"Combined Effect of Per\u2010 and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Metals on Epigenetic 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M.","year":"2026","journal-title":"American Journal of Industrial Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115714","article-title":"The Variable Associations Between PFASs and Biological Aging by Sex and Reproductive Stage in NHANES 1999\u20132018","volume":"227","author":"Chaney C.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environmental Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.843426","article-title":"Identification of Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers From Circulating Cells During the Course of Sleep Deprivation\u2010Related Myocardial Infarction Based on Bioinformatics Analyses","volume":"9","author":"Chen X.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000003670","article-title":"Predictors of Serum Per\u2010 and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Levels Among U.S. Career Firefighters","volume":"68","author":"Conner R.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","unstructured":"Council ITR.2023.\u201cPFAS: Per\u2010 and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances.\u201dSection\u00a03: Firefighting Foams."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","unstructured":"Defense USDO.2023.\u201cPerformance Specification: Fire Extinguishing Agent Fluorine\u2010Free Foam (F3) Liquid Concentrate for Land\u2010Based Fresh Water Applications.\u201d"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-018-0097-y","article-title":"Exposure to Per\u2010Fluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Leads to Immunotoxicity: Epidemiological and Toxicological Evidence","volume":"29","author":"DeWitt J. 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Lyon France."},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.23285","article-title":"Analysis of Epigenetic Age Acceleration and Healthy Longevity Among Older US Women","volume":"5","author":"Jain P.","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.2A0618-228R","article-title":"Phosphatase Inhibitor PPP1R11 Modulates Resistance of Human T Cells Toward Treg\u2010Mediated Suppression of Cytokine Expression","volume":"106","author":"Joshi R. N.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Leukocyte Biology"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.318965","article-title":"Epigenetic Age Acceleration Reflects Long\u2010Term Cardiovascular Health","volume":"129","author":"Joyce B. 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