{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T09:21:25Z","timestamp":1762507285185},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]],"date-time":"2018-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT","award":["SFRH\/BPD\/110474\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BPD\/110474\/2015"]}]},{"name":"European Social Fund and the Human Potential Operational Programme","award":["IF\/01248\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/01248\/2014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Energy Tech"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effect of the type and properties of TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and the addition of graphene oxide (GO) was studied in Au\/TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> bifunctional catalysts, applied for cascade conversion of cellobiose to gluconic acid. Au was supported on three TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> materials with varied phase composition (100\u2009% anatase or 80\u2009% anatase\/20\u2009% rutile), particle size and surface chemistry. An exceptional yield of gluconic acid reaching 85\u2009% was attained in a very short time of only 2\u2005hours over Au supported on in\u2010house made TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. It was shown that the best performing catalyst had an \u201celectron rich\u201d Au metal phase and oxygen vacancies situated in close proximity to the metal\u2010support interface. Further, the electronic state in these catalysts was modified by addition of GO to the TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> supports, which was followed by high temperature reduction to form TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>_rGO (TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010reduced GO) composites. It was found that the presence of only small amount of rGO hindered the charge transfer from TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> to Au, leading to a metallic gold as shown by XPS. In addition, the presence of rGO impeded the formation of oxygen defects in TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> supports. This in turn had a negative impact on the rate and selectivity of glucose oxidation, the second step of the tandem process. To sum up, the unique interaction between \u201celectron rich\u201d Au nanoparticles and the neighboring oxygen vacancies on anatase TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was found to play essential role in obtaining outstanding catalytic performance in the tandem oxidation of cellobiose to gluconic acid.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ente.201700837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,24]],"date-time":"2018-01-24T16:32:43Z","timestamp":1516811563000},"page":"1675-1686","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Cascade Conversion of Cellobiose to Gluconic Acid: The Large Impact of the Small Modification of Electronic Interaction on the Performance of Au\/TiO<sub>2<\/sub> Bifunctional Catalysts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Morawa\u2005Eblagon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Engenharia Universidade do Porto Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering\u2014Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM)  Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 4200-465 Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Luisa M.","family":"Pastrana\u2010Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Engenharia Universidade do Porto Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering\u2014Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM)  Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 4200-465 Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuel F. 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