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A 3D multiphase multicomponent model is developed to simulate the fuel cell performance. The effects of several geometric and physical parameters of the PCI, including porosity, size, and the arrangement of PCI in the landing area, are numerically examined, which are not investigated in the literature so far. The numerical results showed that using PCI, a 23% improvement in the fuel cell performance is achieved for the optimum case with 80% PCI. In addition, increasing the PCI porosity results in performance enhancement (12.6% improvement when increasing the porosity up to 0.8). Using PCI with different rib\/channel width ratios demonstrates that the use of PCI at higher ratios has a more significant effect. When using 34.1% PCI in a case with a ratio of 2:1, the performance increases about 35%. Moreover, a PCI with larger longitudinal size (4\u2009mm compared to 2\u2009mm) shows higher performance enhancement (5.3% compared to 3.5%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ente.202200966","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]],"date-time":"2022-10-29T03:25:02Z","timestamp":1667013902000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Role of Porous Carbon Inserts on the Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells: A Parametric Numerical Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Abbas","family":"Moradi Bilondi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Illinois at Chicago  Chicago IL 60607 USA"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Bagherighajari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department Mazandaran University of Science and Technology  Babol 4716685635 Iran"},{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Electromecanica C-MAST \u2013 Center for Mechanical and Aerospace Sciences and Technologies Universidade da Beira Interior  6201-001 Covilha Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9396-3855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammadmahdi","family":"Abdollahzadehsangroudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Electromecanica C-MAST \u2013 Center for Mechanical and Aerospace Sciences and Technologies Universidade da Beira Interior  6201-001 Covilha Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical of Engineering University of Guilan  Rasht 4199613776 Iran"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Jafar","family":"Kermani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology  Tehran 15875\u20104413 Iran"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Carlos","family":"P\u00e1scoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Electromecanica C-MAST \u2013 Center for Mechanical and Aerospace Sciences and Technologies Universidade da Beira Interior  6201-001 Covilha Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"PEM fuel cells : Theory and Practice","year":"2012","author":"Barbir F.","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cap.2009.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-78242-363-8.00001-3","volume-title":"Compendium of Hydrogen Energy","author":"Pollet B. 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