{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T14:43:26Z","timestamp":1772808206527,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,2]],"date-time":"2007-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4537,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Earthq Engng Struct Dyn"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The stochastic equivalent linearization method has been significantly improved during the last two decades, leading to rather efficient and accurate estimates of the first\u2010 and second\u2010order statistical moments of the random response process, even when the non\u2010stationarity of the excitation and the hysteretic degrading non\u2010linearities of the structural system are taken into account.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The purpose of this paper, apart from presenting a short survey of the most relevant methods developed in this area, indicating their main restrictions, is to call attention to the remarkable possibilities of the equivalent linearization technique as the most powerful approximate method to deal with the seismic response analysis of MDOF non\u2010linear building structures, deserving to be considered by the engineering codes in the near future as an appropriate formulation for that purpose.<\/jats:p><jats:p>To illustrate the real interest of this method, several applications concerning a simple shear\u2010building structural model are presented, considering columns with non\u2010linear restoring forces, either bilinear elastic or hysteretic, and the results obtained by some computer programs developed on the basis of the equivalent linearization technique are compared with the estimates achieved by digital simulation in order to check the level of accuracy. Moreover, these results are also used to evaluate limit violation (failure) probabilities, based on the vulnerability function concept.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eqe.4290230803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,3]],"date-time":"2007-04-03T20:51:43Z","timestamp":1175633503000},"page":"837-857","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The role of the stochastic equivalent linearization method in the analysis of the non\u2010linear seismic response of building structures"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"\u00c1lvaro A. M. F.","family":"Cunha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","volume-title":"Random Vibration and Statistical Linearization","author":"Roberts J. B.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-3681-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"891","volume-title":"Proc. 10th world conf. on earthquake engineering","author":"Duarte R. T.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2156(08)70343-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/058310248101300404"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1918792"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3644077"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","volume-title":"Fragility Analysis of Complex Structural Systems","author":"Casciati F.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3152420"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","unstructured":"T. S.Atalik \u2018Stochastic random response of nonlinear multi\u2010degree\u2010of\u2010freedom systems by a direct equivalent linearization technique\u2019 Ph.D. Thesis Duke University 1974."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-8920(86)90003-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","unstructured":"T. T.BaberandY. K.Wen \u2018Stochastic equivalent linearization for hysteretic degrading multistorey structures\u2019 Report UILUENG\u201080\u20102001.University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign 1980."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","unstructured":"C.\u2010T.Chu \u2018Random vibration of nonlinear building\u2010foundation systems\u2019 Ph.D. Thesis.University of Illinois Urbana 1985."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9445(1985)111:6(1204)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eqe.4290140405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","unstructured":"M. N.Noori \u2018Random vibration of degrading systems with general hysteretic behaviour\u2019.Ph.D. Thesis.Faculty of the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. University of Virginia 1984."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","unstructured":"T.Mochio E.SamarasandM.Shinozuka \u2018Stochastic linearization for finite element\u2010based reliability analysis\u2019 Proc. 4th ICOSSAR Kobe 1985 pp.375\u2013384."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","unstructured":"T. P.Chang \u2018Seismic response of nonlinear structures using the stochastic equivalent linearization technique\u2019 Ph.D. Thesis Columbia University1985."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-8920(88)90007-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","unstructured":"A. M. F.Cunha \u2018Stochastic structural dynamics applications to earthquake engineering\u2019 Ph.D. Thesis. Oporto University Portugal (in Portuguese)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/361573.361582"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","unstructured":"F.CasciatiandI.Faravelli \u2018Nonlinear stochastic dynamics by equivalent linearization\u2019 inProc. 2nd int. workshop on stochastic methods in structural mechanics Pavia 1985 571\u2013586."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","volume-title":"Eurocourse: Experimental and Numerical Methods in Earthquake Engineering","author":"Duarte R. T.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","unstructured":"RSA\u2010Code on the Safety and Actions for Building and Bridge Structures Decree 235\/83 31 May1983."}],"container-title":["Earthquake Engineering &amp; Structural Dynamics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Feqe.4290230803","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eqe.4290230803","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T23:22:11Z","timestamp":1698103331000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eqe.4290230803"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,8]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eqe.4290230803"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eqe.4290230803","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-8847","1096-9845"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-8847","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9845","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,8]]}}}