{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T05:20:44Z","timestamp":1736227244370,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,1]],"date-time":"1997-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":873072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,26]],"date-time":"2009-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1256515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4438,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The interaction of the aluminum ion [Al(III)] with the major constituent of soil organic matter, fulvic acids (FA), was investigated in the acid pH range. The complexation of a FA extracted from a humic cambisol soil (at a concentration of 80 mg\/L) when titrated with Al(III) were monitored directly by synchronous fluorescence (SyF) spectroscopy at five pH values (3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0), at 25\u00b0C and with 0.1 N KNO3. Inverted second derivative SyF data were preprocessed by a self-modeling mixture analysis method to obtain fluorescence enhancement profiles as a function of the increasing Al(III) concentration. Assuming that the concentration of complexes formed between Al(III) and FA is proportional to the fluorescence intensity, these profiles were adjusted to a 1:1 complexation model and the following conditional stability constants (log Kc) were calculated (standard deviation in parenthesis), pH = 3.0, 4.3 (1); pH = 3.5, 4.3 (1); pH = 4.0, 5.0 (1); pH = 4.5, 5.1 (3); and pH = 5.0, 5.3 (2). These constants show that the stability of the complexes decreases markedly at pH &amp;lt; 4. The environmental implication of this result is that an increase in the extent of the dissociation of the Al(III) + FA complexes is expected at pH &amp;lt; 4, increasing the free Al(III) concentration and probably its ecotoxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620160912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,17]],"date-time":"2010-03-17T12:18:41Z","timestamp":1268828321000},"page":"1845-1850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Variation of the stability of complexes of Al(III) with a fulvic acid extracted from a humic cambisol soil in the pH range three to five"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Joaquim C G","family":"Esteves da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQUIPAI, Faculdade de Ci\u011bncias, R. Campo Alegre 687, P4150 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ad\u00e9lio A S C","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQUIPAI, Faculdade de Ci\u011bncias, R. Campo Alegre 687, P4150 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M Angeles","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica F\u00edsica, Facultad de C.C. Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E15706 Santiago, Spain"}]},{"given":"Florencio","family":"Arce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica F\u00edsica, Facultad de C.C. Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E15706 Santiago, Spain"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Rey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica F\u00edsica, Universidad de Vigo, E36208 Vigo, Spain"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1126\/science.204.4390.304","article-title":"Aluminum leaching response to acid precipitation: Effects on high-elevation watersheds in the northest","volume":"204","author":"Cronan","year":"1979","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1021\/es00160a011","article-title":"Kinetics of aluminum-fulvic acid complexation in acid waters","volume":"21","author":"Plankey","year":"1987","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1021\/es00074a011","article-title":"Acidification and recovery of a spodosol BS horizon from acidic deposition","volume":"24","author":"Dahlgren","year":"1990","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1021\/es00077a022","article-title":"Relationships between aqueous aluminum and acidic deposition in forested waters beds of North America and northern Europe","volume":"24","author":"Cronan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1021\/es00027a024","article-title":"Dissociation pathways and species distribution of aluminum bound to an aquatic fulvic acid","volume":"26","author":"Shuman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1021\/es00042a014","article-title":"pH-Dependent binding of aluminum by a fulvic acid","volume":"27","author":"Browne","year":"1993","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"volume-title":"Humus Chemistry: Genesis, Composition, Reactions","year":"1982","author":"Stevenson","key":"2025010613525348600_bib7"},{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib8","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Humic Substances in Soil, Sediment, and Water","author":"Stevenson","year":"1985"},{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-7439(92)90052-H","article-title":"Study of aqueous acidic properties of fulvic acids by evolving factor analysis of pH + FT\u2013IR titration data","volume":"17","author":"Machado","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chemometrics Intelligent Lab. Syst."},{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-7439(93)80099-4","article-title":"Factor analysis of molecular fluorescence data of marine and soil fulvic acids","volume":"19","author":"Machado","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chemometrics Intelligent Lab. Syst."},{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1080\/00032719508000381","article-title":"Characterization of the acid\u2013base properties of humic substances by chemometric analysis of synchronous fluorescence and pH po-tentiometric data","volume":"28","author":"Esteves da Silva","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anal. Lett."},{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2670(95)00456-4","article-title":"Simultaneous use of evolving factor analysis of fluorescence spectral data and analysis of pH titration data for comparison of the acid\u2013base properties of fulvic acids","volume":"318","author":"Esteves da Silva","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1987.03615995005100030011x","article-title":"Spectrofluorometric investigation of trace metal complexation by an aqueous chestnut leaf litter extract","volume":"51","author":"Blaser","year":"1987","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1988.03615995005200050014x","article-title":"Fluorescence quenching and aluminum complexation by a chestnut leaf litter extract","volume":"52","author":"Shotyk","year":"1988","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1990.03615995005400050017x","article-title":"Fluorescence spectroscopy of aqueous leaf litter extracts and their complexes with aluminum","volume":"54","author":"Shotyk","year":"1990","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1021\/es50002a018","article-title":"Synchronous fluorescence spectra of metal-fulvic acid complexes","volume":"26","author":"Cabaniss","year":"1992","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2670(93)80357-Q","article-title":"Apparent differences in binding site distributions and alumi-num(III) complexation for three molecular weight fractions of a coniferous soil fulvic acid","volume":"282","author":"Lakshman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1366\/0003702944028281","article-title":"Evolving factor analysis of synchronous fluorescence spectra of fulvic acids in the presence of aluminum","volume":"48","author":"Silva","year":"1994","journal-title":"Appl. Spectrosc."},{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1021\/es950542u","article-title":"Multi-wavelength molecular fluorescence spectrometry for quantitative characterization of copper(II) and aluminum(III) complexation by disolved organic matter","volume":"30","author":"Luster","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1366\/0003702963906050","article-title":"Interaction of fulvic acids with Al(III) studied by self-modeling curve resolution of second-derivative synchronous fluorescence spectra","volume":"50","author":"Esteves da Silva","year":"1996","journal-title":"Appl. Spectrosc."},{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2670(95)00555-2","article-title":"Use of fluorescence polarization to probe the structure and aluminum complexation of three molecular weight fractions of a soil fulvic acid","volume":"321","author":"Lakshman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"volume-title":"Study of the interaction of Al(III) with a soil fulvic acid in the acid pH range by self-modeling mixture analysis of synchronous fluorescence spectral data","year":"1997","author":"Esteves da Silva","key":"2025010613525348600_bib22"},{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2670(94)00059-X","article-title":"Multi-wavelength analysis of synchronous fluorescence spectra of the complexes between a soil fulvic acid and Cu(II)","volume":"292","author":"Machado","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-7439(95)80012-X","article-title":"Evolving factor analysis of synchronous fluorescence spectra of humic substances in the presence of Cu(II)","volume":"27","author":"Esteves da Silva","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chemometrics Intelligent Lab. Syst."},{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1366\/0003702953965443","article-title":"Beryllium(II) as a probe for study of the interactions of metals and fulvic acids by synchronous fluorescence spec-troscopy","volume":"49","author":"Esteves da Silva","year":"1995","journal-title":"Appl. Spectrosc."},{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4203(96)00032-1","article-title":"Characterization of the binding sites for Al(III) and Be(II) in a sample of marine fulvic acids","volume":"54","author":"Esteves da Silva","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mar. Chem."},{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3155","DOI":"10.1021\/es9507022","article-title":"Quantitative study of Be(II) complexation by soil fulvic acids by molecular fluorescence spec-troscopy","volume":"30","author":"Esteves da Silva","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00046a015","article-title":"Self-modeling mixture analysis of second-derivative near-infrared spectral data using the SIMPLISMA approach","volume":"64","author":"Windig","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-7439(93)E0058-C","article-title":"The use of second-derivative spectra for pure-variable based self-modeling mixture analysis techniques","volume":"23","author":"Windig","year":"1994","journal-title":"Che-mometrics Intelligent Lab. Syst."},{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib30","first-page":"112","volume-title":"The Hydrolysis of Cations","author":"Baes","year":"1976"},{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60214a047","article-title":"Smoothing and differentiation of data by simplified least squares procedures","volume":"36","author":"Savitzky","year":"1964","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00243a033","article-title":"Fluorescence quenching ti-tration for determination of complexing capacities and stability constants of fulvic acid","volume":"54","author":"Ryan","year":"1982","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2025010613525348600_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1021\/es00106a009","article-title":"Copper(II) complexing capacities of natural waters by fluorescence quenching","volume":"16","author":"Ryan","year":"1982","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fetc.5620160912","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article-pdf\/16\/9\/1845\/60144080\/5620160912.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article-pdf\/16\/9\/1845\/60144080\/5620160912.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T13:53:04Z","timestamp":1736171584000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article\/16\/9\/1845\/7839909"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/etc.5620160912","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-7268","1552-8618"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0730-7268"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1552-8618"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1996-09-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1997-02-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-10-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}