{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:45:55Z","timestamp":1787499955007,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study aimed to assess the impact of\n                    <jats:italic>Ganoderma lucidum<\/jats:italic>\n                    supplementation (200\u201311,200\u2009mg\/day, 1\u201324\u2009weeks) on health\u2010related indices in populations including healthy, at\u2010risk, and chronic disease individuals. A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis were conducted using data from EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus up to August 2024. Pooled analysis of 17 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 971 participants revealed that\n                    <jats:italic>Ganoderma lucidum<\/jats:italic>\n                    supplementation demonstrated significant reductions in body mass index (BMI) (Weighted Mean Difference [WMD]\u2009=\u2009\u22120.43; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: \u22120.77, \u22120.10;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.011), creatinine (WMD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.14; 95% CI: \u22120.27, \u22120.02;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.028), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (WMD\u2009=\u20092.29; 95% CI: 1.67, 2.92;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and heart rate (HR) (WMD\u2009=\u2009\u22123.92; 95% CI: \u22127.45, \u22120.40;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.029). No significant effects were observed on body fat, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, lipid profile, inflammatory markers, or liver enzymes. Subgroup analyses indicated effects varied by health condition, dosage, duration, and age. Subgroup analyses revealed variations in the effects of\n                    <jats:italic>Ganoderma<\/jats:italic>\n                    supplementation based on health conditions, dosage, intervention duration, age at intervention, country, sample size, and publication year. Significant improvements were observed in BMI, TC, creatinine, and MDA in specific subgroups, such as those receiving lower doses (&lt;\u20091400\u2009mg\/day) or those aged &lt;\u200950\u2009years. The GRADE profile for\n                    <jats:italic>Ganoderma<\/jats:italic>\n                    supplementation evaluated the certainty of the outcomes and indicated that the quality of evidence was very low across all outcomes.\n                    <jats:italic>Ganoderma lucidum<\/jats:italic>\n                    supplementation may have modest effects on certain health indices, but the evidence is limited by very low quality.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T08:09:53Z","timestamp":1749715793000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Nutritional Significance of\n                    <i>Ganoderma lucidum<\/i>\n                    on Human Health: A\n                    <scp>GRADE<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Assessed Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis of Clinical Trials"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Jafari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG) Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helia","family":"Mardani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Mirzaei Fashtali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semnan University of Medical Sciences  Semnan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7221-9242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bahareh","family":"Arghavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine Abadan University of Medical Sciences  Abadan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"232","article-title":"Antioxidant and Hyperlipidemia Effect of Ganoderma lucidum Fungus Alcoholic Extract in Male Albino Rats Using Tritonwr 1339","volume":"14","author":"Abdullah H.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kirkuk University Journal\u2010Scientific 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