{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T04:39:24Z","timestamp":1772858364911,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fuel Cells"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Flow field design is crucial for achieving higher performance in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). This study uses a two\u2010phase, multi\u2010component, and three\u2010dimensional model to simulate the performance of PEMFCs that use interdigitated flow field design with intermediate blocks on the cathode side. A detailed parametric study is presented to investigate the effects of various geometric and operational parameters. Of the parameters studied, inlet mass flow rate, relative humidity, and rib width had the greatest impact on cell performance. The results show that increasing the cathode stoichiometric ratio resulted in higher fuel cell performance for blocked interdigitated designs compared to parallel designs. In addition, using cathode channels with higher height values resulted in lower PEMFC performance for all flow fields. Higher values of rib\/channel width ratio resulted in lower cell performance due to liquid water accumulation in the rib regions. However, at higher rib\/channel width ratios, the positive effect of using interdigitated flow designs was more pronounced. Moreover, at a low relative humidity of <jats:italic>RH<\/jats:italic> = 25%, a 10.4% higher performance was obtained for the interdigitated type II compared to cases with <jats:italic>RH<\/jats:italic> = 100%, due to more effective over\u2010rib convection and higher water removal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fuce.202200188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T03:49:36Z","timestamp":1690861776000},"page":"304-322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A parametric numerical study on the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell with intermediate\u2010blocked interdigitated flow field designs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0654-4458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Bagherighajari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Eletromec\u00e2nica, C\u2010MAST \u2013 Center for Mechanical and Aerospace Sciences and Technologies Universidade da Beira Interior  Covilh\u00e3 Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3059-0470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abbas","family":"Moradi Bilondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Illinois at Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9396-3855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammadmahdi","family":"Abdollahzadehsangroudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Eletromec\u00e2nica, C\u2010MAST \u2013 Center for Mechanical and Aerospace Sciences and Technologies Universidade da Beira Interior  Covilh\u00e3 Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3009-9780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Hamrang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering University of Guilan  Rasht Iran"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7019-3766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Carlos","family":"P\u00e1scoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Eletromec\u00e2nica, C\u2010MAST \u2013 Center for Mechanical and Aerospace Sciences and Technologies Universidade da Beira Interior  Covilh\u00e3 Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"381","volume":"52","author":"Moradi Bilondi A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Amirkabir J. Mech. Eng."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2018.04.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ente.202200966"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ente.201700005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ente.202100851"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fuce.201700168"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fuce.201700101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2018.02.078"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2012.07.076"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fuce.202100086"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fuce.201700076"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fuce.201700042"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2013.09.081"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2014.01.075"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2006.09.083"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fuce.201200035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2004.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1.1836666"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2006.01.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1003867012551"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)EY.1943-7897.0000701"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2015.10.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2004.03.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2009.12.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.122475"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fuce.202200207"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2006.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2013.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43447"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1.1869272"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2015.11.153"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","author":"Bagherighajari F.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Energy Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2018.09.076"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118878330"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2010.08.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2009.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2009.10.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2022.124712"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2019.03.082"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3199(02)00284-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2008.05.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2010.12.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2008.02.095"}],"container-title":["Fuel Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fuce.202200188","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]],"date-time":"2023-08-26T15:26:18Z","timestamp":1693063578000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/fuce.202200188"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/fuce.202200188"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fuce.202200188","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1615-6846","1615-6854"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1615-6846","type":"print"},{"value":"1615-6854","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-03-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}