{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:13:03Z","timestamp":1791871983187,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,21]],"date-time":"2017-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1500595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Geriat Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA; Nasreddine\n                      <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 2005) is a cognitive screening tool that aims to differentiate healthy cognitive aging from Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Several validation studies have been conducted on the MoCA, in a variety of clinical populations. Some studies have indicated that the originally suggested cutoff score of 26\/30 leads to an inflated rate of false positives, particularly for those of older age and\/or lower education. We conducted a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of the literature to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the MoCA for differentiating healthy cognitive aging from possible MCI.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 304 studies identified, nine met inclusion criteria for the meta\u2010analysis. These studies were assessed across a range of cutoff scores to determine the respective sensitivities, specificities, positive and negative predictive accuracies, likelihood ratios for positive and negative results, classification accuracies, and Youden indices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Meta\u2010analysis revealed a cutoff score of 23\/30 yielded the best diagnostic accuracy across a range of parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A MoCA cutoff score of 23, rather than the initially recommended score of 26, lowers the false positive rate and shows overall better diagnostic accuracy. We recommend the use of this cutoff score going forward. Copyright \u00a9 2017 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,21]],"date-time":"2017-07-21T10:03:17Z","timestamp":1500631397000},"page":"379-388","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":868,"title":["A re\u2010examination of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) cutoff scores"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1899-4915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Carson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology York University  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry","family":"Leach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Glendon College  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3827-5814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly J.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychology and Cognitive Health, Baycrest Health Sciences and Departments of Psychology University of Toronto and York University  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"References marked with an asterisk \u201c*\u201d indicate studies included in the meta\u2010analysis."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13554794.2011.608365"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09084282.2012.670158"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2003.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"296","article-title":"Using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale to screen for dementia in Chinese patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"25","author":"Chen L","year":"2013","journal-title":"Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12740\/PP\/45368"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analyses for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen J","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03500180078038"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12084"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181fc29c9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000323867"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610212001068"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.08.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0714980816000313"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.200410135"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2011.589374"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acr116"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0b013e3182420bfe"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S135561771200077X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0594.2010.00585.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100014918"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2015.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.606277"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988714524630"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"The evidence based medicine approach to diagnostic testing: practicalities and limitations","volume":"26","author":"Hawkins RC","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clinical Biochemist Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2014.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1990.tb01371.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c34b47"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2015.1043349"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2293"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2306"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03510330081039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-015-0324-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-016-1316-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e7948a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988714522701"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23279095.2015.1065261"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2010.00910.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.152637"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610211001839"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988716673469"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acw076"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988708316855"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26590"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.1996.tb00423.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13825585.2015.1041449"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2012.672966"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988710390813"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.3787"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000220"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.07.078"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","unstructured":"NasreddineZ.2016.MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.mocatest.org"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000621"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2014.960005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-012-0147-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2014.881554"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.633586"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2004.01388.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12190"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.12.1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.3.303"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160842"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2012.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-312723"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318230208a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","first-page":"238","article-title":"Montreal Cognitive Assessment performance among community\u2010dwelling African Americans","volume":"32","author":"Rossetti HC","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-014-1995-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610205002693"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282X20150156"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610211002298"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1991.tb04454.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.006309"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","first-page":"134","article-title":"The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) as a measure of severity of amnesia in patients with alcohol\u2010related cognitive impairments and Korsakoff syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Wester AJ","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145482X1010400606"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084321"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2012.750746"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(1950)3:1<32::AID-CNCR2820030106>3.0.CO;2-3"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fgps.4756","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/gps.4756","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T08:18:14Z","timestamp":1694938694000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/gps.4756"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,21]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/gps.4756"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.4756","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-6230","1099-1166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-6230","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1166","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,21]]}}}